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If you often repeat similar HTML structures when developing web pages, or want to manage dynamic content more efficiently, the <template></template> element of HTML5 is a tool worth mastering. It itself does not render to the page, but can store HTML snippets as templates, which are cloned and inserted into the DOM in JavaScript.

What is a <template></template> element?

<template></template> is a native element provided by HTML5, specially used to store content that will not be rendered immediately. The browser parses the contents in it, but it won't display it. Only through JavaScript operations can the structure inside be "activated" and inserted into the page.

Its biggest advantage is:

• Semantic clear : It is clear that this part is the template content
• Performance-friendly : The content is only parsed once, and can be reused multiple times in the future.
• Avoid duplicate requests : no need to load templates through AJAX

 <template id="user-card">
  <div class="card">
    <h3></h3>
    <p>Email: </p>
  </div>
</template>

How to create reusable components using <template> ?

To truly utilize the capabilities of <template> , you need to cooperate with JavaScript to operate the DOM. The basic process is as follows:

1. Get template node
2. Clone the template content
3. Fill in data
4. Insert into the page

A simple example:

 const template = document.getElementById('user-card');
const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);

clone.querySelector('h3').textContent = 'Alice';
clone.querySelector('p').textContent = 'Email: alice@example.com';

document.body.appendChild(clone);

You can encapsulate this process into a function to facilitate repeated calls. For example:

 function renderUserCard(name, email) {
  const template = document.getElementById('user-card');
  const clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);

  clone.querySelector('h3').textContent = name;
  clone.querySelector('p').textContent = `Email: ${email}`;

  return clone;
}

Notes on using <template></template>

Although <template></template> is simple and easy to use, there are some details that need to be paid attention to:

• No direct access to elements in the template : the content must be cloned before operation
• Style problem : The template content does not participate in the layout, the style may need to be defined separately
• Good compatibility : modern browsers support it, but pay attention to the old version of IE (of course few people are in charge now)

Some common mistakes include:

• Forgot to set id and cause the template to be retrieved
• Not using cloneNode(true) leads to modifying the original content
• When the template structure is complex, there is no reasonable organization of class names or structures, which leads to difficulty in maintaining

Where is the most practical to use <template></template> ?

Here are some suitable scenarios for using <template></template> :

• Dynamic list items (such as comments, user lists)
• UI components such as pop-up windows, prompt boxes, etc.
• Repeat structure in table rows and card layouts
• Placeholder before initializing data display

For example, if you have a to-do list, you have to generate the same HTML structure for each item added, you can predefined the structure with <template></template> and then dynamically populate the content.

Basically that's it. Using <template></template> is not complicated, but it can effectively improve the maintainability and execution efficiency of the code, especially when there is no need to introduce a framework.

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