The core strategies to solve the problem of cross-browser compatibility of CSS include: 1. Use reset style sheets to unify the default styles, such as Normalize.css or custom Reset; 2. Pay attention to the compatibility of new features of CSS, and use Can I Use, PostCSS and Autoprefixer to achieve elegant downgrade or progressive enhancement; 3. Unify the calculation method of box model, set box-sizing: border-box and pay attention to the decimal pixel problem of percentage width. These methods can effectively improve the consistency of the website's performance under different browsers.

To solve the cross-browser compatibility problem in CSS, the core is to understand how different browsers parse styles and adopt appropriate strategies to ensure that the website performs consistently in various environments.

Use Reset Style Sheet (Reset CSS)

The default styles that come with different browsers may vary greatly, such as buttons, paragraph spacing, font size, etc. If these default styles are not processed, it is easy to lead to confusing layouts or visual inconsistencies.

A common practice is to introduce a CSS reset file , such as:

• Normalize.css : Instead of completely clearing styles, letting each browser display common elements uniformly.
• Custom Reset: You can also write a simple reset code, such as:

   * {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }

After using this method, you can build styles more controllably from the "same starting line" to avoid the default differences between browsers affecting the overall layout.

Focus on the compatibility of new features of CSS

CSS is constantly evolving, and features such as grid , flexbox , clamp() , and gap are very useful in modern browsers, but older browsers (such as IE11) may not support them at all, or they need to be prefixed.

To solve this problem, there are several suggestions:

• Use Can I Use to check compatibility : For example, if you want to use display: grid , go to caniuse.com to check whether the browser used by the target user supports it.
• Automatically add browser prefix : In conjunction with PostCSS and Autoprefixer plug-in, the tool can automatically add prefixes such as -webkit- and -moz- for you.
• Elegant downgrade or progressive enhancement : For unsupported features, basic functionality can be provided (such as replacing Flexbox with floating layouts) instead of crashing directly.

For example: If you use the gap attribute in the Flex container, it will be ignored in unsupported browsers. At this time, you can manually add margin to the child elements to simulate the effect.

Process box model and width calculation

In some older browsers, especially IE6~IE8, the calculation method of the box model is different from that of modern standards. They will count padding and border into the width of the element, while modern browsers use the W3C standard box model by default.

To avoid this confusion, it is recommended to set it up uniformly:

 * {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

In this way, no matter which browser is in, the width of the element will contain the content margin border, reducing layout problems caused by differences in the box model.

In addition, when using percentage width, you should also pay attention to the problem of decimal pixels. For example, the average distribution of 5 columns may cause the total width to exceed 100% due to rounding error.

Basically that's it. Cross-browser compatibility seems complicated, but in fact, as long as you master a few key points - unifying basic styles, focusing on feature compatibility, and rational processing of box models, you can solve most problems.

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