How to extend Laravel's core components (e.g., custom guard).
Jul 16, 2025 am 02:53 AM
To create and register a custom Guard in Laravel, 1. Create a class that implements the Guard interface or inherits GuardHelpers; 2. Register the Guard with Auth::extend() in the service provider; 3. Add a new Guard configuration item in the auth.php configuration file; 4. To require special user acquisition logic, you also need to customize and register the UserProvider. After the above steps are completed, you can call the custom authentication logic by specifying the Guard name.
Laravel provides very flexible mechanisms to extend its core components, such as custom Guards, drivers, service providers, etc. If you need to implement specific authentication logic, such as using API Tokens or third-party OAuth login, extending the default Guard is a very practical approach.
Let's take a look at how to create and register a custom Guard in Laravel.
Create a custom Guard class
First, you need to create a class to implement Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard interface, or, more simply, inherit the abstract class Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers , which has implemented most common methods.
For example, we create a class called TokenGuard :
// app/Services/Auth/TokenGuard.php
namespace App\Services\Auth;
use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class TokenGuard implements Guard
{
use GuardHelpers;
protected $request;
public function __construct(Request $request)
{
$this->request = $request;
}
public function user()
{
if ($this->user) {
return $this->user;
}
$token = $this->request->header('Authorization');
// Suppose you have a TokenUserProvider to get the user based on the token if ($token && $user = $this->provider->retrieveByToken($token)) {
$this->user = $user;
}
return $this->user;
}
public function validate(array $credentials = [])
{
// Optional implementation}
public function id()
{
return $this->user() ? $this->user()->getAuthIdentifier() : null;
}
} This class mainly implements two core methods: user() and id() , which are used to obtain the unique identifiers of the currently logged-in user object and the user.
Register a custom Guard to the Laravel container
Next, you need to tell Laravel to use your Guard. You can register in a service provider's boot method using Auth::extend() method.
Usually we will create a new service provider, such as App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider :
php artisan make:provider AuthServiceProvider
Then register the Guard in the boot method of AuthServiceProvider :
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
use App\Services\Auth\TokenGuard;
class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
public function boot()
{
Auth::extend('token', function ($app, $name, array $config) {
return new TokenGuard(
$app['request']
);
});
}
} Don't forget to add this service provider to the providers array in config/app.php .
Configure auth.php with new Guard
Open the config/auth.php file and add a new guard configuration item to the guards array:
'guards' => [
'web' => [
'driver' => 'session',
'provider' => 'users',
],
'api' => [
'driver' => 'token', // Use the guard name 'provider' => 'users',
],
], Now you can call your TokenGuard implementation via auth('api')->user() .
You may need to customize UserProvider at the same time
If the standard database user provider does not meet the needs, you can also customize UserProvider , make it implement Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider interface, and use it with your Guard.
To register a custom UserProvider, you can use Auth::provider() method, for example:
Auth::provider('token', function ($app, array $config) {
return new TokenUserProvider($app['hash'], $config['model']);
}); In this way, you can use $this->provider->retrieveByToken() and other methods in Guard.
Basically that's it. As long as you understand the role and interface requirements of Guard, it is not complicated to expand, but it is indeed easy to ignore certain details, such as constructor dependency injection or provider binding methods. However, once the configuration is completed, various authentication methods can be flexibly supported.
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