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Table of Contents
目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
app目錄
模型-視圖-控制器(MVC)
Laravel的響應(yīng)流程
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial [laravel]Laravel框架的體系結(jié)構(gòu)

[laravel]Laravel框架的體系結(jié)構(gòu)

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:28 PM

Laravel被稱為“全棧”式框架,因?yàn)樗軌蛱幚韽木W(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)到數(shù)據(jù)庫管理、HTML生成的一切事情,垂直集成的web開發(fā)環(huán)境給開發(fā)者提供了更好的體驗(yàn)。

開發(fā)人員可以通過命令行工具,生成和管理Laravel項(xiàng)目環(huán)境。Laravel附帶了一個名為Artisan的優(yōu)秀的命令行工具,它提供了一些開發(fā)過程中有用的命令用,可以用來生成框架代碼和數(shù)據(jù)庫管理。它是基于強(qiáng)大的Symfony Console 組件開發(fā)的。

Laravel的目標(biāo)是給開發(fā)者創(chuàng)造一個愉快的開發(fā)過程,并且不犧牲應(yīng)用的功能性??鞓返拈_發(fā)者才能創(chuàng)造最棒的代碼!為了這個目的,我們博取眾框架之長處集中到Laravel中,這些框架甚至是基于Ruby on Rails、ASP.NET MVC、和Sinatra等開發(fā)語言或工具的。

Laravel是易于理解并且強(qiáng)大的,它提供了強(qiáng)大的工具用以開發(fā)大型、健壯的應(yīng)用。杰出的IoC、數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移工具和緊密集成的單元測試支持,這些工具賦予你構(gòu)建任何應(yīng)用的能力。

目錄結(jié)構(gòu)

這是所有l(wèi)aravel項(xiàng)目具有基本上相同的目錄結(jié)構(gòu),其中的每個文件都具有指定的地方。通過對目錄結(jié)構(gòu)的約定,確保你是按照“l(fā)aravel方式”來工作。

正如你看到的,laravel項(xiàng)目下面有4個文件夾:app、bootstrap、public、vendor,這4個文件夾下面又有很多個子文件夾,當(dāng)你第一次看到這么豐富的文件夾內(nèi)容時,是不是覺得很有壓力?沒關(guān)系,我們會逐一的來了解不同的文件夾。

  • app 包含了站點(diǎn)的controllers(控制器),models(模型),views(視圖)和assets(資源)。這些是網(wǎng)站運(yùn)行的主要代碼,你會將你大部分的時間花在這個目錄里。
  • bootstrap 用來存放系統(tǒng)啟動時需要的文件,這些文件會被如index.php這樣的文件調(diào)用。
  • bootstrap 用來存放系統(tǒng)啟動時需要的文件,這些文件會被如index.php這樣的文件調(diào)用。
  • public 這個文件夾是唯一外界可以看到的web服務(wù)器的目錄。它含有l(wèi)aravel框架核心的引導(dǎo)文件index.php,這個目錄也可用來存放任何可以公開的靜態(tài)資源,如css,Javascript,images等
  • vender
  • app目錄

    模型-視圖-控制器(MVC)

    讓我們更深一步了解如何建立laravel應(yīng)用。你可能已經(jīng)注意到,app目錄下面有三子目錄:models,views,controllers。這是表明了laravel是model-view-controller(MVC)架構(gòu)模式,它將“業(yè)務(wù)邏輯”與圖形用戶界面相關(guān)的輸入和顯示邏輯(GUI)分離。在laravel Web應(yīng)用中,業(yè)務(wù)邏輯通常由數(shù)據(jù)模型(如用戶,博客文章)組成,GUI則只是一個瀏覽器中的頁面。MVC設(shè)計(jì)模式在Web的開發(fā)領(lǐng)域中非常受歡迎。MVC模式的三個要素:

  • 模型(model)
  • 視圖(view)
  • 控制器(controller)
  • Laravel的響應(yīng)流程

    一個典型的laravel應(yīng)用程序由上面提到的MVC組成

    當(dāng)訪問一個laravel應(yīng)用程序時,瀏覽器發(fā)送一個請求,由Web服務(wù)器接收并傳遞到laravel的路由引擎。該laravel路由器接收到請求后,根據(jù)配置重定向到相應(yīng)的控制器類的方法。

    然后由控制器類接管。在某些情況下,控制器將立即渲染一個視圖,這是一個模板,將被轉(zhuǎn)換成HTML并且發(fā)送回瀏覽器。更普遍的動態(tài)網(wǎng)站,控制器與模型進(jìn)行交互,與數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行通信。調(diào)用模型后,控制器呈現(xiàn)最終視圖(HTML、CSS和圖像)并返回完整的web頁面到用戶的瀏覽器。

    Laravel提倡模型、視圖和控制器,應(yīng)保持完全獨(dú)立的存儲單獨(dú)的文件在不同的目錄。這就是laravel的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)揮作用的地方。

    像MVC這樣的設(shè)計(jì)模式的產(chǎn)生,就是為了讓開發(fā)者的工作更加輕松。這就是Laravel比那些不用任何模式的PHP厲害的地方。如果這種討論你現(xiàn)在感覺很抽象,不用擔(dān)心!當(dāng)你開始用Laravel工作,你都不會意識到你是在一種設(shè)計(jì)模式中工作。過一段時間后,就會變得自然了。

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