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PHP error handling function, php error function
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PHP error handling function, php error function_PHP tutorial

Jul 12, 2016 am 08:55 AM
php Error handling error handling function

PHP error handling function, php error function

In PHP, the default error handling is very simple. An error message is sent to the browser with the file name, line number, and a message describing the error.

PHP error handling

Error handling is an important part when creating scripts and web applications. If your code lacks error detection coding, the program will look unprofessional and open the door to security risks.

This tutorial covers some of the most important error detection methods in PHP.

We will explain different error handling methods for you:

Simple "die()" statement

Custom errors and error triggers

Bug Report

Basic error handling: use die() function

The first example shows a simple script to open a text file:

<&#63;php
$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r");
&#63;>

If the file does not exist, you will get an error like this:

Warning: fopen(welcome.txt) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream:
No such file or directory in C:webfoldertest.php on line 2

To avoid users getting error messages like the one above, we check whether the file exists before accessing it:

<&#63;php
if(!file_exists("welcome.txt"))
{
die("File not found");
}
else
{
$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r");
}
&#63;>

Now, if the file does not exist, you will get an error message like this:

File not found

The above code is more efficient than the previous code because it uses a simple error handling mechanism to terminate the script after an error.

However, simply terminating the script is not always the appropriate approach. Let's examine alternative PHP functions for handling errors.

Create a custom error handler

Creating a custom error handler is very easy. We simply created a dedicated function that can be called when an error occurs in PHP.

The function must be able to handle at least two parameters (error level and error message), but can accept up to five parameters (optional: file, line-number and error context):

Grammar

error_function(error_level,error_message,error_file,error_line,error_context)

Parameters Description
error_level Required. Specifies the error reporting level for user-defined errors. Must be a number. See the table below: Error reporting levels.
error_message Required. Specifies error messages for user-defined errors.
error_file Optional. Specifies the file name where the error occurred.
error_line Optional. Specifies the line number where the error occurred.
error_context Optional.Specifies an array containing each variable in use when the error occurred and their values.

錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告級(jí)別

這些錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告級(jí)別是用戶自定義的錯(cuò)誤處理程序處理的不同類型的錯(cuò)誤:

現(xiàn)在,讓我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)處理錯(cuò)誤的函數(shù):

function customError($errno, $errstr)
{
echo "<b>Error:</b> [$errno] $errstr<br>";
echo "Ending Script";
die();
}

上面的代碼是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的錯(cuò)誤處理函數(shù)。當(dāng)它被觸發(fā)時(shí),它會(huì)取得錯(cuò)誤級(jí)別和錯(cuò)誤消息。然后它會(huì)輸出錯(cuò)誤級(jí)別和消息,并終止腳本。

現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤處理函數(shù),我們需要確定在何時(shí)觸發(fā)該函數(shù)。

Value Constant Description
2 E_WARNING Non-fatal run-time error. Do not pause script execution.
8 E_NOTICE run-time notification. Occurs when the script finds a possible error, but can also occur when the script is running normally.
256 E_USER_ERROR Fatal user-generated error. This is similar to E_ERROR set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error().
512 E_USER_WARNING Non-fatal user-generated warning. This is similar to the E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error().
1024 E_USER_NOTICE User generated notifications. This is similar to E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error().
4096 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR Catchable fatal errors. Like E_ERROR, but can be caught by a user-defined handler. (see set_error_handler())
8191 E_ALL All errors and warnings. (E_STRICT becomes part of E_ALL in PHP 5.4)

設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤處理程序

PHP 的默認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤處理程序是內(nèi)建的錯(cuò)誤處理程序。我們打算把上面的函數(shù)改造為腳本運(yùn)行期間的默認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤處理程序。

可以修改錯(cuò)誤處理程序,使其僅應(yīng)用到某些錯(cuò)誤,這樣腳本就能以不同的方式來(lái)處理不同的錯(cuò)誤。然而,在本例中,我們打算針對(duì)所有錯(cuò)誤來(lái)使用我們自定義的錯(cuò)誤處理程序:

set_error_handler("customError");

由于我們希望我們的自定義函數(shù)能處理所有錯(cuò)誤,set_error_handler() 僅需要一個(gè)參數(shù),可以添加第二個(gè)參數(shù)來(lái)規(guī)定錯(cuò)誤級(jí)別。

實(shí)例

通過(guò)嘗試輸出不存在的變量,來(lái)測(cè)試這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤處理程序:

<?php
//error handler function
function customError($errno, $errstr)
{
echo "Error: [$errno] $errstr";
}
//set error handler
set_error_handler("customError");
//trigger error
echo($test);
?>

以上代碼的輸出如下所示:

Error: [8] Undefined variable: test

觸發(fā)錯(cuò)誤

在腳本中用戶輸入數(shù)據(jù)的位置,當(dāng)用戶的輸入無(wú)效時(shí)觸發(fā)錯(cuò)誤是很有用的。在 PHP 中,這個(gè)任務(wù)由 trigger_error() 函數(shù)完成。

實(shí)例

在本例中,如果 "test" 變量大于 "1",就會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤:

<&#63;php
$test=2;
if ($test>1)
{
trigger_error("Value must be 1 or below");
}
&#63;>

以上代碼的輸出如下所示:

Notice: Value must be 1 or below
in C:webfoldertest.php on line 6

您可以在腳本中任何位置觸發(fā)錯(cuò)誤,通過(guò)添加的第二個(gè)參數(shù),您能夠規(guī)定所觸發(fā)的錯(cuò)誤級(jí)別。

可能的錯(cuò)誤類型:

E_USER_ERROR - 致命的用戶生成的 run-time 錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤無(wú)法恢復(fù)。腳本執(zhí)行被中斷。
E_USER_WARNING - 非致命的用戶生成的 run-time 警告。腳本執(zhí)行不被中斷。
E_USER_NOTICE - 默認(rèn)。用戶生成的 run-time 通知。在腳本發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有錯(cuò)誤時(shí)發(fā)生,但也可能在腳本正常運(yùn)行時(shí)發(fā)生。

在本例中,如果 "test" 變量大于 "1",則發(fā)生 E_USER_WARNING 錯(cuò)誤。如果發(fā)生了 E_USER_WARNING,我們將使用我們自定義的錯(cuò)誤處理程序并結(jié)束腳本:

<?php
//error handler function
function customError($errno, $errstr)
{
echo "<b>Error:</b> [$errno] $errstr<br>";
echo "Ending Script";
die();
}
//set error handler
set_error_handler("customError",E_USER_WARNING);
//trigger error
$test=2;
if ($test>1)
{
trigger_error("Value must be 1 or below",E_USER_WARNING);
}
?>

以上代碼的輸出如下所示:

Error: [512] Value must be 1 or below
Ending Script

現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了如何創(chuàng)建自己的 error,以及如何觸發(fā)它們,接下來(lái)我們研究一下錯(cuò)誤記錄。

錯(cuò)誤記錄

在默認(rèn)的情況下,根據(jù)在 php.ini 中的 error_log 配置,PHP 向服務(wù)器的記錄系統(tǒng)或文件發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤記錄。通過(guò)使用 error_log() 函數(shù),您可以向指定的文件或遠(yuǎn)程目的地發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤記錄。

通過(guò)電子郵件向您自己發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤消息,是一種獲得指定錯(cuò)誤的通知的好辦法。

通過(guò) E-Mail 發(fā)送錯(cuò)誤消息

在下面的例子中,如果特定的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生,我們將發(fā)送帶有錯(cuò)誤消息的電子郵件,并結(jié)束腳本:

<&#63;php
//error handler function
function customError($errno, $errstr)
{
echo "<b>Error:</b> [$errno] $errstr<br>";
echo "Webmaster has been notified";
error_log("Error: [$errno] $errstr",1,
"someone@example.com","From: webmaster@example.com");
}
//set error handler
set_error_handler("customError",E_USER_WARNING);
//trigger error
$test=2;
if ($test>1)
{
trigger_error("Value must be 1 or below",E_USER_WARNING);
}
&#63;>

以上代碼的輸出如下所示:

Error: [512] Value must be 1 or below
Webmaster has been notified

接收自以上代碼的郵件如下所示:

Error: [512] Value must be 1 or below

這個(gè)方法不適合所有的錯(cuò)誤。常規(guī)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)使用默認(rèn)的 PHP 記錄系統(tǒng)在服務(wù)器上進(jìn)行記錄。

以上內(nèi)容是小編給大家介紹的PHP錯(cuò)誤處理函數(shù),希望對(duì)大家以上幫助!

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www.bkjia.comtruehttp://www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/1117033.htmlTechArticlePHP錯(cuò)誤處理函數(shù),php錯(cuò)誤函數(shù) 在 PHP 中,默認(rèn)的錯(cuò)誤處理很簡(jiǎn)單。一條錯(cuò)誤消息會(huì)被發(fā)送到瀏覽器,這條消息帶有文件名、行號(hào)以及描述錯(cuò)...
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