成成

Because I previously designed a WeChat robot to respond to users’ articles, this app is very simple and does not require particularly in-depth design, and my idea is: use Anyway, there are so many blog systems written in Python on GitHub. I only need to implement the WeChat response part, which is to get the article data from the database, and then package the article title, URL, pictures and other information into xml format. Return to the WeChat server, and the server returns it to the user. And I found that it would be much better to have a menu, like a complete app, where you can directly click to view an article instead of rigidly replying. I used a blog system written by others to transform it - saepy-log. And this blog system is based on the tornado framework. I didn't originally plan to get involved in tornado, but I had to bite the bullet and delve into it. I encountered a lot of difficulties, and I gained a lot in terms of writing like SQL statements and viewing documents.

Deployment and Development

Let me explain in advance that because I have gone through all kinds of troubles, I may not be able to do it according to this article. After downloading the source code of saepy-log and uploading it according to the operations here, you can install the blog system on the sae platform, and then use svn to synchronize the code to the local working directory, and everything is ready.

What we want to modify is that blog.py is the core function of the blog, and model.py is the key to the data model. We are going to extend the data model function to complete our WeChat function.

Add our WeChat function class weixin.py in blog.py (since it uses the tornado framework, the method is slightly different from that in django):

Import the packages that need to be used

# weixin used package
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import urllib,urllib2,time,hashlib
                                               
import tornado.wsgi
import tornado.escape

Mainly xml parsing and some packages for processing strings. Next we define the main body of the weixin class:

# 添加微信推送帳號
class WeiXinPoster(BaseHandler):
    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    # 處理get方法 對應check_signature
    def get(self):
        global TOKEN
        signature = self.get_argument("signature")
        timestamp = self.get_argument("timestamp")
        nonce = self.get_argument("nonce")
        echoStr = self.get_argument("echostr")
        token = TOKEN
        tmpList = [token,timestamp,nonce]
        tmpList.sort()
        tmpstr = "%s%s%s" % tuple(tmpList)
        tmpstr = hashlib.sha1(tmpstr).hexdigest()
                                              
        if tmpstr == signature:
            self.write(echoStr)
            #return echoStr
        else:
            self.write(None);
            #return None
                                                          
    # 處理post方法,對應response_msg
    def post(self):
        global SORRY
        # 從request中獲取請求文本
        rawStr = self.request.body
        # 將文本進行解析,得到請求的數(shù)據(jù)
        msg = self.parse_request_xml(ET.fromstring(rawStr))
        # 根據(jù)請求消息來處理內容返回
        query_str = msg.get("Content")
        query_str = tornado.escape.utf8(query_str)
        # TODO 用戶發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù)類型可能多樣，所以需要判別
        response_msg = ""
        return_data = ""
        # 使用簡單的處理邏輯，有待擴展
        if query_str[0] == "h":     # send help menu to user
            response_msg = self.get_help_menu()     # 返回消息
            # 包括post_msg，和對應的 response_msg
            if response_msg:
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            else:
                response_msg = SORRY
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            self.write(return_data)
        # 分類
        elif query_str[0] =="c":
            category = query_str[1:]
            response_msg = self.get_category_articles(category)
            if response_msg:
                return_data = self.pack_news_xml(msg, response_msg)
            else:
                response_msg = SORRY
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            self.write(return_data)
        # 列出文章列表
        elif query_str[0] =="l":
            response_msg = self.get_article_list()
            if response_msg:
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            else:
                response_msg = SORRY
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            self.write(return_data)
        # 直接獲取某篇文章
        elif query_str[0] == "a":
            # 直接獲取文章的id，然后在數(shù)據(jù)庫中查詢
            article_id = int(query_str[1:])
            # 進行操作
            response_msg = self.get_response_article_by_id(article_id)
            if response_msg:
                return_data = self.pack_news_xml(msg, response_msg)
            else:
                response_msg = SORRY
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            self.write(return_data)
                                                          
        # 還要考慮其他
        elif query_str[0] == "s":
            keyword = str(query_str[1:])
            # 搜索關鍵詞，返回相關文章
            response_msg = self.get_response_article(keyword)
            # 返回圖文信息
            if response_msg:
                return_data = self.pack_news_xml(msg, response_msg)
            else:
                response_msg = SORRY
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            self.write(return_data)
                                                          
        elif query_str[0] == "n":
            response_msg = self.get_latest_articles()
            # 返回圖文信息
            if response_msg:
                return_data = self.pack_news_xml(msg, response_msg)
            else:
                response_msg = SORRY
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            self.write(return_data)
        # 如果找不到，返回幫助信息
        else:
            response_msg = get_help_menu()
            if response_msg:
                return_data = response_msg
            else:
                return_data = SORRY
            self.write(return_data)
    # n for 獲取最新的文章
    def get_latest_articles(self):
        global MAX_ARTICLE
        global PIC_URL
        article_list = Article.get_articles_by_latest()
        article_list_length = len(article_list)
        count = (article_list_length < MAX_ARTICLE) and article_list_length or MAX_ARTICLE
        if article_list:
            # 構造圖文消息
            articles_msg = {&#39;articles&#39;:[]}
            for i in range(0,count):
                article = {
                        &#39;title&#39;: article_list[i].slug,
                        &#39;description&#39;:article_list[i].description,
                        &#39;picUrl&#39;:PIC_URL,
                        &#39;url&#39;:article_list[i].absolute_url
                    }
                # 插入文章
                articles_msg[&#39;articles&#39;].append(article)
                article = {}
            # 返回文章
            return articles_msg
                                                  
    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    # 解析請求,拆解到一個字典里    
    def parse_request_xml(self,root_elem):
        msg = {}
        if root_elem.tag == &#39;xml&#39;:
            for child in root_elem:
                msg[child.tag] = child.text  # 獲得內容
            return msg
                                              
    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def get_help_menu(self):
        menu_msg = &#39;&#39;&#39;歡迎關注南苑隨筆，在這里你能獲得關于校園的資訊和故事?；貜腿缦掳存I則可以完成得到相應的回應
        h ：幫助(help)
        l ：文章列表(article list)
        f : 獲得分類列表
        n : 獲取最新文章
        a + 數(shù)字 ：察看某篇文章 a2 察看第2篇文章
        s + 關鍵字 : 搜索相關文章 s科研 察看科研相關
        c + 分類名 ： 獲取分類文章 c校園生活 察看校園生活分類
        其他 ： 功能有待豐富&#39;&#39;&#39;
        return menu_msg
    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    # 獲取文章列表
    def get_article_list(self):
        # 查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫獲取文章列表
        article_list = Article.get_all_article_list()
        article_list_str = "最新文章列表供您點閱，回復a+數(shù)字即可閱讀: \n"
        for i in range(len(article_list)):
            art_id = str(article_list[i].id)
            art_id = tornado.escape.native_str(art_id)
                                                          
            art_title = article_list[i].title
            art_title = tornado.escape.native_str(art_title)
                                                          
            art_category = article_list[i].category
            art_category = tornado.escape.native_str(art_category)
                                                          
                                                          
            article_list_str +=  art_id + &#39; &#39; + art_title + &#39; &#39; + art_category + &#39;\n&#39;
        return article_list_str
                                                      
    # 按照分類查找
    def get_category_articles(self, category):
        global MAX_ARTICLE
        global PIC_URL
        article_list = Article.get_articles_by_category(category)
        article_list_length = len(article_list)
        count = (article_list_length < MAX_ARTICLE) and article_list_length or MAX_ARTICLE
        if article_list:
            # 構造圖文消息
            articles_msg = {&#39;articles&#39;:[]}
            for i in range(0,count):
                article = {
                        &#39;title&#39;: article_list[i].slug,
                        &#39;description&#39;:article_list[i].description,
                        &#39;picUrl&#39;:PIC_URL,
                        &#39;url&#39;:article_list[i].absolute_url
                    }
                # 插入文章
                articles_msg[&#39;articles&#39;].append(article)
                article = {}
            # 返回文章
            return articles_msg
    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    # 獲取用于返回的msg
    def get_response_article(self, keyword):
        global PIC_URL
        keyword = str(keyword)
        # 從數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢得到若干文章
        article = Article.get_article_by_keyword(keyword)
        # 這里先用測試數(shù)據(jù)
        if article:
            title = article.slug
            description = article.description
            picUrl = PIC_URL
            url = article.absolute_url
            count = 1
            # 也有可能是若干篇
            # 這里實現(xiàn)相關邏輯，從數(shù)據(jù)庫中獲取內容
                                                          
            # 構造圖文消息
            articles_msg = {&#39;articles&#39;:[]}
            for i in range(0,count):
                article = {
                        &#39;title&#39;:title,
                        &#39;description&#39;:description,
                        &#39;picUrl&#39;:picUrl,
                        &#39;url&#39;:url
                    }
                # 插入文章
                articles_msg[&#39;articles&#39;].append(article)
                article = {}
            # 返回文章
            return articles_msg
        else:
            return
                                                  
    def get_response_article_by_id(self, post_id):
        global PIC_URL
        # 從數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢得到若干文章
        article = Article.get_article_by_id_detail(post_id)
        # postId為文章id
        if article:
            title = article.slug
            description = article.description
            picUrl = PIC_URL
            url = article.absolute_url
            count = 1
            # 這里實現(xiàn)相關邏輯，從數(shù)據(jù)庫中獲取內容
                                                          
            # 構造圖文消息
            articles_msg = {&#39;articles&#39;:[]}
            for i in range(0,count):
                article = {
                        &#39;title&#39;:title,
                        &#39;description&#39;:description,
                        &#39;picUrl&#39;:picUrl,
                        &#39;url&#39;:url
                    }
                # 插入文章
                articles_msg[&#39;articles&#39;].append(article)
                article = {}
            # 返回文章
            return articles_msg
        else:
            return

It can be seen that the difficulty of the app is not great, and it is still the same as the last time I used WeChat In the API, several global variables that need to be used need to be defined by yourself, such as token, PIC_URL, etc. The principle of the program is actually to parse user requests. If it starts with h, it will provide a help menu. If it starts with a number, it will provide a certain article, etc., and then provide corresponding functions for processing. The explanation here is more complicated, so just get the classification Let’s talk about the article:

You need to analyze the user request string:

# 分類
        elif query_str[0] =="c":
            category = query_str[1:]
            response_msg = self.get_category_articles(category)
            if response_msg:
                return_data = self.pack_news_xml(msg, response_msg)
            else:
                response_msg = SORRY
                return_data = self.pack_text_xml(msg, response_msg)
            self.write(return_data)

The function of get_category_articles(category) needs to be provided here, so you need to implement such a function in the weixin class:

# 按照分類查找
    def get_category_articles(self, category):
        global MAX_ARTICLE
        global PIC_URL
        article_list = Article.get_articles_by_category(category)
        article_list_length = len(article_list)
        count = (article_list_length < MAX_ARTICLE) and article_list_length or MAX_ARTICLE
        if article_list:
            # 構造圖文消息
            articles_msg = {&#39;articles&#39;:[]}
            for i in range(0,count):
                article = {
                        &#39;title&#39;: article_list[i].slug,
                        &#39;description&#39;:article_list[i].description,
                        &#39;picUrl&#39;:PIC_URL,
                        &#39;url&#39;:article_list[i].absolute_url
                    }
                # 插入文章
                articles_msg[&#39;articles&#39;].append(article)
                article = {}
            # 返回文章
            return articles_msg

Obviously, we need to deal with the database model Article here to see if Article implements this function. Unfortunately, it does not, so we have to roll up our sleeves and do it ourselves - extend Article, so we move to model.py In the file, I wrote the following code:

# 返回一個包含若干篇文章的數(shù)組 limit 5
    def get_articles_by_category(self, category):
        sdb._ensure_connected()
        article_list = sdb.query('SELECT * FROM `sp_posts` WHERE `category` = %s LIMIT 5', str(category))
        for i in range(len(article_list)):
            article_list[i] = post_detail_formate(article_list[i])
        return article_list

Here, a database query is performed, the category parameter is passed in, 5 articles with category as the parameter are selected, and the package is returned. post_detail_formate is already written in the blog system, we just need to use it. In Python, you must be very careful when writing SQL statements. When you encounter parameters that need to be passed in, it is best to separate them with commas instead of using % to fill the parameters. Especially when using like, we often need to write such sql statements:

SELECT * FROM `sp_posts` WHERE `category` LIKE '%study%'

But it is used in python %s is used as a parameter placeholder, so it will cause many unnecessary errors, such as here. In short, to use them safely, it is best to pass them as parameters. Python will separate them from the % in the original string.

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