The difference between vector and list

● Vector has high random access efficiency, but it needs to be moved during insertion and deletion (excluding the tail) Data is difficult to manipulate.

●List access requires traversing the entire linked list, and its random access efficiency is low. However, it is more convenient to insert and delete data, just change the pointing of the pointer.

●List is one-way, vector is two-way.

●The iterator in vector becomes invalid after use, while the iterator in list can continue to be used after use.

Use of vector

Continuous storage structure: vector is an object array that can achieve dynamic growth and supports efficient access to the array and deletion and insertion at the end of the array. Operation, deleting and inserting in the middle and head is relatively difficult and requires moving a large amount of data. The biggest difference between it and an array is that vector does not require programmers to consider capacity issues themselves. The library itself has realized dynamic growth of capacity, while arrays require programmers to manually write expansion functions for expansion.

Simulation implementation of Vector

template <class T>
class Vector
{
public:
  typedef T* Iterator;
  typedef const T* Iterator;
  Vector()
    :_start(NULL)
    ,_finish(NULL)
    ,_endOfStorage(NULL)
  {}
  void template<class T>
  PushBack(const T& x)
  {
    Iterator end = End();
    Insert(end, x);
  }
  void Insert(Iterator& pos, const T& x)
  {
    size_t n = pos - _start;
    if (_finish == _endOfStorage)
    {
      size_t len = Capacity() == 0 ? 3 :  Capacity()*2;
      Expand(len);
    }
    pos = _start+n;
    for (Iterator end = End(); end != pos; --end)
    {
      *end = *(end-1);
    }
    *pos = x;
    ++_finish;
  }
  Iterator End()
  {
    return _finish;
  }
  Iterator Begin()
  {
    return _start;
  }
  void Resize(size_t n, const T& val = T())//用Resize擴容時需要初始化空間，并且可以縮小容量
  {
    if (n < Size())
    {
      _finish = _start+n;
    }
    else
    {
      Reserve(n);
      size_t len = n-Size();
      for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
      {
        PushBack(val);
      }
    }
  }
  void Reserve(size_t n)//不用初始化空間，直接增容
  {
    Expand(n);
  }
  inline size_t Size()
  {
    return _finish-_start;
  }
  inline size_t Capacity()
  {
    return _endOfStorage-_start;
  }
  void Expand(size_t n)
  {
    const size_t size = Size();
    const size_t capacity = Capacity();
    if (n > capacity)
    {
      T* tmp = new T[n];
      for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
      {
        tmp[i] = _start[i];
      }
      delete[] _start;
      _start = tmp;
      _finish = _start+size;
      _endOfStorage = _start+n;
    }
  }
  T& operator[](size_t pos)
  {
    assert(pos < Size());
    return _start[pos];
  }
  const T& operator[](size_t pos) const
  {
    assert(pos < Size());
    return _start[pos];
  }
protected:
  Iterator _start; //指向第一個元素所在節(jié)點
  Iterator _finish; //指向最后一個元素所在節(jié)點的下一個節(jié)點
  Iterator _endOfStorage; //可用內(nèi)存空間的末尾節(jié)點
};

Use of list

Non-continuous storage structure: list is a doubly linked list structure that supports two-way traversal of the linked list . Each node includes three pieces of information: the element itself, the node pointing to the previous element (prev), and the node pointing to the next element (next). Therefore, the list can efficiently access, insert, and delete data elements at any location. Since it involves the maintenance of additional pointers, the overhead is relatively high.

Simulation implementation of List

template<class T>
class List
{
  typedef __ListNode<T> Node;
public:
  typedef __ListIterator<T, T&, T*> Iterator;
  typedef __ListIterator<T, const T&, const T*> ConstIterator;
  Iterator Begin()
  {
    return _head->_next;
  }
  Iterator End()
  {
    return _head;
  }
  ConstIterator Begin() const
  {
    return _head->_next;
  }
  ConstIterator End() const
  {
    return _head;
  }
  List()
  {
    _head = new Node(T());
    _head->_next = _head;
    _head->_prev = _head;
  }
  // l2(l1)
  List(const List& l)
  {
    _head = new Node(T());
    _head->_next = _head;
    _head->_prev = _head;
    ConstIterator it = l.Begin();
    while (it != l.End())
    {
      PushBack(*it);
      ++it;
    }
  }
  ~List()
  {
    Clear();
    delete _head;
    _head = NULL;
  }
  void Clear()
  {
    Iterator it = Begin();
    while (it != End())
    {
      Node* del = it._node;
      ++it;
      delete del;
    }
    _head->_next = _head;
    _head->_prev = _head;
  }
  void PushBack(const T& x)
  {
    Insert(End(), x);
  }
  void PushFront(const T& x)
  {
    Insert(Begin(), x);
  }
  void PopBack()
  {
    Erase(--End());
  }
  void PopFront()
  {
    Erase(Begin());
  }
  void Insert(Iterator pos, const T& x)
  {
    Node* cur = pos._node;
    Node* prev = cur->_prev;
    Node* tmp = new Node(x);
    prev->_next = tmp;
    tmp->_prev = prev;
    tmp->_next = cur;
    cur->_prev = prev;
  }
    Iterator Erase(Iterator& pos)
  {
    assert(pos != End());
    Node* prev = (pos._node)->_prev;
    Node* next = (pos._node)->_next;
    prev->_next = next;
    next->_prev = prev;
    delete pos._node;
    pos._node = prev;
        return Iterator(next);
  }
protected:
  Node* _head;
};

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