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Table of Contents
2、shell 模塊" >2、shell 模塊
3、script 模塊" >3、script 模塊
4、raw 模塊" >4、raw 模塊
5、copy 模塊" >5、copy 模塊
6、fetch 模塊" >6、fetch 模塊
7、unarchive 模塊(解包模塊)" >7、unarchive 模塊(解包模塊)
8、archive模塊(打包模塊)" >8、archive模塊(打包模塊)
9、user 模塊" >9、user 模塊
10、group 模塊" >10、group 模塊
11、yum 模塊" >11、yum 模塊
12、service 模塊" >12、service 模塊
13、file 模塊" >13、file 模塊
14、setup 模塊" >14、setup 模塊
15、cron 模塊" >15、cron 模塊
16、hostname 模塊" >16、hostname 模塊
Home Computer Tutorials Computer Knowledge Ansible Ad-Hoc (peer-to-peer mode)

Ansible Ad-Hoc (peer-to-peer mode)

Feb 18, 2024 pm 04:48 PM
module command ansible

Official documentation: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/command_guide/intro_adhoc.html

Ansible Ad-Hoc(點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)模式)

簡(jiǎn)介

Ad-hoc命令是一種臨時(shí)輸入并執(zhí)行的命令,通常用于測(cè)試和調(diào)試。它們不需要永久保存,簡(jiǎn)單來說,ad-hoc就是“即時(shí)命令”。

常用模塊

1、command 模塊(默認(rèn)模塊)

默認(rèn)模塊,沒有shell強(qiáng)大,基本上shell模塊都可以支持command模塊的功能。

【1】幫助

ansible-doc command
# 推薦使用下面這個(gè)
ansible-doc command -s

【2】參數(shù)解釋

  • free_form——必須參數(shù),指定需要遠(yuǎn)程執(zhí)行的命令。需要說明一點(diǎn),free_form 參數(shù)與其他參數(shù)(如果想要使用一個(gè)參數(shù),那么則需要為這個(gè)參數(shù)賦值,也就是name=value模式)并不相同。比如,當(dāng)我們想要在遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上執(zhí)行 ls 命令時(shí),我們并不需要寫成”free_form=ls” ,這樣寫反而是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)椴]有任何參數(shù)的名字是 free_form,當(dāng)我們想要在遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)中執(zhí)行 ls 命令時(shí),直接寫成 ls 即可。因?yàn)?command 模塊的作用是執(zhí)行命令,所以,任何一個(gè)可以在遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上執(zhí)行的命令都可以被稱為 free_form。
  • chdir——此參數(shù)的作用就是指定一個(gè)目錄,在執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)的命令之前,會(huì)先進(jìn)入到 chdir 參數(shù)指定的目錄中。
  • creates——看到 creates,你可能會(huì)從字面上理解這個(gè)參數(shù),但是使用這個(gè)參數(shù)并不會(huì)幫助我們創(chuàng)建文件,它的作用是當(dāng)指定的文件存在時(shí),就不執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)命令,比如,如果 /testdir/test文件存在,就不執(zhí)行我們指定的命令。
  • removes——與 creates 參數(shù)的作用正好相反,它的作用是當(dāng)指定的文件不存在時(shí),就不執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)命令,比如,如果 /testdir/tests 文件不存在,就不執(zhí)行我們指定的命令,此參數(shù)并不會(huì)幫助我們刪除文件。

【3】示例演示

# 上面命令表示在 web 主機(jī)上執(zhí)行 ls 命令,因?yàn)槭褂玫氖?root 用戶,所以默認(rèn)情況下,ls 出的結(jié)果是 web 主機(jī)中 root 用戶家目錄中的文件列表。
ansible web -m command -a "ls"

# chdir 參數(shù)表示執(zhí)行命令之前,會(huì)先進(jìn)入到指定的目錄中,所以上面命令表示查看 web 主機(jī)上 /testdir 目錄中的文件列表,返回顯示有2個(gè)文件。
ansible web -m command -a "chdir=/testdir ls"

# 下面命令表示 /testdir/testfile1 文件存在于遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)中,則不執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)命令。/testdir/testfile3 不存在,才執(zhí)行”echo test”命令。
ansible web -m command -a "creates=/testdir/testfile1 echo test"

# 下面命令表示 /testdir/testfile3 文件不存在于遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)中,則不執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)命令。/testdir/testfile1 存在,才執(zhí)行”echo test”命令。
ansible web -m command -a "removes=/testdir/testfile1 echo test"

2、shell 模塊

shell模塊 [執(zhí)行遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)的shell/python等腳本]。

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc shell -s

【2】示例演示

# -o:一行顯示
# 安裝httpd
ansible web -m shell -a 'yum -y install httpd' -o

# 查看時(shí)間
ansible web -m shell -a 'uptime' -o

3、script 模塊

script模塊 [在遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)執(zhí)行主控端的shell/python等腳本 ]。

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc script -s

【2】參數(shù)解釋

  • free_form——必須參數(shù),指定需要執(zhí)行的腳本,腳本位于 ansible 管理主機(jī)本地,并沒有具體的一個(gè)參數(shù)名叫 free_form,具體解釋請(qǐng)參考 command 模塊。
  • chdir——此參數(shù)的作用就是指定一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)中的目錄,在執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)的腳本之前,會(huì)先進(jìn)入到 chdir 參數(shù)指定的目錄中。
  • creates——使用此參數(shù)指定一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)中的文件,當(dāng)指定的文件存在時(shí),就不執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)腳本,可參考 command 模塊中的解釋。
  • removes——使用此參數(shù)指定一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)中的文件,當(dāng)指定的文件不存在時(shí),就不執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)腳本,可參考 command 模塊中的解釋。

【3】示例演示

# 下面命令表示 ansible 主機(jī)中的 /testdir/testscript.sh 腳本將在 web 主機(jī)中執(zhí)行,執(zhí)行此腳本之前,會(huì)先進(jìn)入到 web 主機(jī)中的 /opt 目錄
ansible web -m script -a "chdir=/opt /testdir/testscript.sh"

# 下面命令表示,web主機(jī)中的 /testdir/testfile1文件已經(jīng)存在,ansible 主機(jī)中的 /testdir/testscript.sh 腳本將不會(huì)在 web 主機(jī)中執(zhí)行。
ansible web -m script -a "creates=/testdir/testfile1 /testdir/testscript.sh"

# 下面命令表示,web 主機(jī)中的 /testdir/testfile1 文件存在,ansible 主機(jī)中的 /testdir/testscript.sh 腳本則會(huì)在 web 主機(jī)中執(zhí)行。
ansible ansible-demo3 -m script -a "removes=/testdir/testfile1 /testdir/testscript.sh"

4、raw 模塊

raw模塊 [類似于command模塊、支持管道傳遞]。

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc raw -s

【2】示例演示

ansible web -m raw -a "ifconfig eth0 |sed -n 2p |awk '{print $2}' |awk -F: '{print $2}'"

5、copy 模塊

copy 模塊 從主控端復(fù)制文件到被控端。

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc copy -s

【2】示例演示

# -a,--args:后面接參數(shù)
ansible web -m copy -a 'src=/etc/ansible/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts owner=root group=bin mode=777'

# backup=yes/no:文件存在且文件內(nèi)容不一樣是否備份,默認(rèn)不備份
ansible web -m copy -a 'src=/etc/ansible/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts owner=root group=bin mode=777 backup=yes'

6、fetch 模塊

copy 模塊從被控端復(fù)制文件到主控端,正好跟copy相反。

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc fetch -s

【2】示例演示

# 跟copy支持的參數(shù)差不多,src:遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的目錄,dest:主控端目錄,其實(shí)真正存放的目錄在:/tmp/192.168.182.129/tmp/up.sh,會(huì)按每臺(tái)主機(jī)分組存放
#This `must' be a file, not a directory:只支持單個(gè)文件獲取
ansible 192.168.182.129 -m fetch -a "src=/etc/fstab dest=/testdir/ansible/"

7、unarchive 模塊(解包模塊)

unarchive 模塊是解包模塊。

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc unarchive -s

【2】參數(shù)解釋

  • copy——默認(rèn)為yes,當(dāng)copy=yes,那么拷貝的文件是從ansible主機(jī)復(fù)制到遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上的,如果設(shè)置為copy=no,那么會(huì)在遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上尋找src源文件。
  • src——源路徑,可以是ansible主機(jī)上的路徑,也可以是遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上的路徑,如果是遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上的路徑,則需要設(shè)置copy=no。
  • dest——遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上的目標(biāo)路徑。
  • mode——設(shè)置解壓縮后的文件權(quán)限。

【3】示例演示

ansible 192.168.182.129 -m unarchive -a 'src=/testdir/ansible/data.tar.gz dest=/tmp/tmp/'

8、archive模塊(打包模塊)

unarchive 模塊是打包模塊。

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc archive -s

【2】示例演示

# path:主控端目錄,format:壓縮格式,dest:被控端目錄文件'
ansible 192.168.182.129 -m archive -a 'path=/tmp/ format=gz dest=/tmp/tmp/t.tar.gz'

9、user 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc user -s

【2】示例演示

# 創(chuàng)建用戶(present:默認(rèn),可以不寫)
ansible web -m user -a 'name=test state=present'

# 刪除用戶(absent)
ansible web -m user -a 'name=test state=absent'

# 修改密碼
# 步驟一、生成加密密碼
echo '777777'|openssl passwd -1 -stdin

# 步驟二、修改秘密
ansible web -m user -a 'name=test password="$1$Jo5FD9Jr$2QB.BuybbtR35ga4O5o8N."'

# 修改shell
ansible web -m user -a 'name=test shell=/sbin/noglogin append=yes'

10、group 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc group -s

【2】示例演示

# 創(chuàng)建
ansible 192.168.182.129 -m group -a 'name=testgroup system=yes'
# 刪除
ansible 192.168.182.129 -m group -a 'name=testgroup state=absent'

11、yum 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc yum -s

【2】示例演示

# 升級(jí)所有包
ansible web -m yum -a 'name="*" state=latest'

# 安裝apache
ansible web -m yum -a 'name="httpd" state=latest'

12、service 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc service -s

【2】示例演示

ansible web -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started'

ansible web -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'

ansible web -m service -a 'name=httpd state=stopped'

ansible web -m service -a 'name=httpd state=restarted'

ansible web -m service -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=no'

13、file 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc file -s

【2】示例演示

# 創(chuàng)建文件
ansible web -m file -a 'path=/tmp/88.txt mode=777 state=touch'

# 創(chuàng)建目錄
ansible web -m file -a 'path=/tmp/99 mode=777 state=directory'

# 刪除
ansible web -m file -a 'path=/tmp/99 state=absent'

14、setup 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc setup -s

【2】示例演示

ansible web -m setup

ansible web -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses'

15、cron 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc cron -s

【2】示例演示

# 創(chuàng)建定時(shí)任務(wù)
ansible 192.168.182.129 -m cron -a 'minute=* weekday=1,3,5,6,7 job="/usr/bin/wall FBI warning" name=warningcron'

# 關(guān)閉定時(shí)任務(wù)
ansible 192.168.182.129 -m cron -a 'disabled=true job="/usr/bin/wall FBI warning" name=warningcron'

# 刪除定時(shí)任務(wù)
ansible 192.168.182.129 -m cron -a ' job="/usr/bin/wall FBI warning" name=warningcron state=absent'

16、hostname 模塊

【1】查看幫助

ansible-doc hostname -s

【2】示例演示

ansible 192.168.182.129 -m hostname -a 'name=192.168.182.129'

The above is the detailed content of Ansible Ad-Hoc (peer-to-peer mode). For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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