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Home Backend Development Golang Golang regular expression usage guide

Golang regular expression usage guide

Apr 08, 2024 pm 02:15 PM
regular expression golang

Go 中的正則表達(dá)式提供了一種強(qiáng)大的字符串處理工具:使用 regexp 包進(jìn)行正則表達(dá)式操作。利用正則表達(dá)式語(yǔ)法來(lái)匹配和操作字符串??善ヅ渥址?lèi)、重復(fù)字符、分組、錨點(diǎn)和邊界符。通過(guò) MatchString 匹配字符串、FindStringSubmatch 提取匹配和 ReplaceAllString 替換字符串。應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景包括驗(yàn)證電子郵件地址、提取 HTML 鏈接等。

Golang 正則表達(dá)式的使用指南

Golang 正則表達(dá)式的使用指南

簡(jiǎn)介

正則表達(dá)式(regex)是一種強(qiáng)大的工具,用于匹配和操作字符串。Go 提供了內(nèi)置的 regexp 包,可以幫助你輕松使用正則表達(dá)式。

正則表達(dá)式語(yǔ)法

正則表達(dá)式通常使用以下語(yǔ)法:

  • 字符類(lèi): 用于匹配單個(gè)字符,例如 [abc] 匹配 'a'、'b' 或 'c'。
  • 重復(fù)字符: 限定符用于指定字符重復(fù)的次數(shù),例如 + 表示一次或多次。
  • 分組: 圓括號(hào)用于分組字符,例如 (abc) 匹配字符串 "abc"。
  • 錨點(diǎn): 用于匹配字符串的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾,例如 ^$
  • 邊界符: 用于匹配字符串的單詞或行邊界,例如 \b

Go 中的正則表達(dá)式

要使用 regexp 包,請(qǐng)導(dǎo)入它:

import "regexp"

以下是一些在 Go 中使用正則表達(dá)式的示例代碼:

匹配字符串

re := regexp.MustCompile("abc")
fmt.Println(re.MatchString("abcdef")) // 輸出:true

提取匹配

re := regexp.MustCompile("(\\d+)-([a-z]+)")
fmt.Println(re.FindStringSubmatch("123-abc")) // 輸出:["123-abc", "123", "abc"]

替換字符串

re := regexp.MustCompile("abc")
fmt.Println(re.ReplaceAllString("abcdef", "xyz")) // 輸出:"xyzdef"

實(shí)戰(zhàn)案例

驗(yàn)證電子郵件地址

re := regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$")
fmt.Println(re.MatchString("username@example.com")) // 輸出:true

從 HTML 中提取鏈接

re := regexp.MustCompile(`<a href="([^"]+)">`)
for _, link := range re.FindAllStringSubmatch(`<a href="/page1">Page 1</a> <a href="/page2">Page 2</a>`, -1) {
    fmt.Println(link[1]) // 輸出:"page1" 和 "page2"
}

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