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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial Detailed explanation of php form verification

Detailed explanation of php form verification

Apr 21, 2017 pm 02:44 PM

PHP網(wǎng)站開發(fā)建設(shè)中,用戶注冊、登錄,留言等等是必不可少的一些實用功能,用戶提交的信息數(shù)據(jù)都是通過form表單提交,然而提交的數(shù)據(jù)難免會有這樣或者那樣的錯誤,不管是有心還是無意,為了保證數(shù)據(jù)的完整性、安全性,PHP form表單驗證是過濾數(shù)據(jù)的必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)。

首先我們對用戶所有提交的數(shù)據(jù)都通過 PHP 的 htmlspecialchars() 函數(shù)處理。把特殊字符轉(zhuǎn)換為 HTML 實體。這意味著 < 和 > 之類的 HTML 字符會被替換為 < 和 > 。這樣可防止攻擊者通過在表單中注入 HTML 或 JavaScript 代碼(跨站點腳本攻擊)對代碼進行利用。

當用戶提交表單時,我們將做以下兩件事情,:

使用 PHP trim() 函數(shù)去除用戶輸入數(shù)據(jù)中不必要的字符 (如:空格,tab,換行)。

使用PHP stripslashes()函數(shù)去除用戶輸入數(shù)據(jù)中的反斜杠 (\)

必須字段

字段 驗證規(guī)則
Name 必需。必須包含字母和空格。
E-mail 必需。必須包含有效的電子郵件地址(包含 @ 和 .)。
Website 可選。如果選填,則必須包含有效的 URL。
Comment 可選。多行輸入字段(文本框)。

上述字段是必須的,不能為空。

格式匹配

1、匹配姓名

“/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/”?

只允許空格和字母,”^”表示開頭,”$”表示結(jié)尾,[a-zA-Z ]表示a-z或者A-Z或者空格中的一個字符。

其實例代碼如下:

<?php
$name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/",$name)) {
 $nameErr = "只允許字母和空格!";
}
?>

2、匹配E-mail

“/([\w-]+\@[\w-]+.[\w-]+)/”

“\w”匹配包括下劃線的任何單詞字符。等價于’[A-Za-z0-9_]’;

+匹配前面的子表達式一次或多次;

“-“匹配”-“。

3、匹配URL

“/\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/|www.)[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%=~_|]/i”

保留表單中的值

在用戶點擊提交按鈕后,為確保字段值是否輸入正確,我們在HTML的input元素中插添加PHP腳本, 各字段名為: name, email, 和 website。 在評論的 textarea 字段中,我們將腳本放于 標簽之間。 PHP腳本輸出值為: $name, $email, $website, 和 $comment 變量。

例如如下的代碼:

Name: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?php echo $name;?>">
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email" value="<?php echo $email;?>">
Website: <input type="text" name="website" value="<?php echo $website;?>">
Comment: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"><?php echo $comment;?></textarea>

來一個PHP表單驗證完整實例,其代碼如下:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>form</title>
  <style>
    .error {color: #FF0000;}
  </style>
</head>
<body>
<?php
// 定義變量并默認設(shè)置為空值
$nameErr = $emailErr = $genderErr = $websiteErr = "";
$name = $email = $gender = $comment = $website = "";
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")
{
  if (empty($_POST["name"]))
  {
    $nameErr = "名字是必需的";
  }
  else
  {
    $name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
    // 檢測名字是否只包含字母跟空格
    if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/",$name))
    {
      $nameErr = "只允許字母和空格";
    }
  }
  if (empty($_POST["email"]))
  {
    $emailErr = "郵箱是必需的";
  }
  else
  {
    $email = test_input($_POST["email"]);
    // 檢測郵箱是否合法
    if (!preg_match("/([\w\-]+\@[\w\-]+\.[\w\-]+)/",$email))
    {
      $emailErr = "非法郵箱格式";
    }
  }
  if (empty($_POST["website"]))
  {
    $website = "";
  }
  else
  {
    $website = test_input($_POST["website"]);
    // 檢測 URL 地址是否合法
    if (!preg_match("/\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/|www\.)[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%=~_|]/i",$website))
    {
      $websiteErr = "非法的 URL 的地址";
    }
  }
  if (empty($_POST["comment"]))
  {
    $comment = "";
  }
  else
  {
    $comment = test_input($_POST["comment"]);
  }
  if (empty($_POST["gender"]))
  {
    $genderErr = "性別是必需的";
  }
  else
  {
    $gender = test_input($_POST["gender"]);
  }
}
function test_input($data)
{
  $data = trim($data);
  $data = stripslashes($data);
  $data = htmlspecialchars($data);
  return $data;
}
?>
<h2>PHP 表單驗證實例</h2>
<p><span class="error">* 必需字段。</span></p>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">
  名字: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?php echo $name;?>">
  <span class="error">* <?php echo $nameErr;?></span>
  <br><br>
  E-mail: <input type="text" name="email" value="<?php echo $email;?>">
  <span class="error">* <?php echo $emailErr;?></span>
  <br><br>
  網(wǎng)址: <input type="text" name="website" value="<?php echo $website;?>">
  <span class="error"><?php echo $websiteErr;?></span>
  <br><br>
  備注: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"><?php echo $comment;?></textarea>
  <br><br>
  性別:
  <input type="radio" name="gender" <?php if (isset($gender) && $gender=="female") echo "checked";?>  value="female">女
  <input type="radio" name="gender" <?php if (isset($gender) && $gender=="male") echo "checked";?>  value="male">男
  <span class="error">* <?php echo $genderErr;?></span>
  <br><br>
  <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<?php
echo "<h2>您輸入的內(nèi)容是:</h2>";
echo $name;
echo "<br>";
echo $email;
echo "<br>";
echo $website;
echo "<br>";
echo $comment;
echo "<br>";
echo $gender;
?>
</body>
</html>

以上這些將展示如何安全地處理 PHP 表單。對 HTML 表單數(shù)據(jù)進行適當?shù)尿炞C對于防范黑客和垃圾郵件很重要!

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