我們先來介紹一下字節(jié)流和字符流的概念及區(qū)別:
(學(xué)習(xí)視頻分享:java教學(xué)視頻)
區(qū)別字節(jié)流和字符流概念
字節(jié)流:字節(jié)流讀取的時候,讀到一個字節(jié)就返回一個字節(jié);主要用于讀取圖片,MP3,AVI視頻文件。
字符流:字符流使用了字節(jié)流讀到一個或多個字節(jié),如讀取中文時,就會一次讀取2個字節(jié)。只要是處理純文本數(shù)據(jù),就要優(yōu)先考慮使用字符流。
字節(jié)流和字符流區(qū)別
字節(jié)流操作的基本單元為字節(jié);字符流操作的基本單元為Unicode碼元。字節(jié)流默認不使用緩沖區(qū);字符流使用緩沖區(qū)。字節(jié)流通常用于處理二進制數(shù)據(jù),實際上它可以處理任意類型的數(shù)據(jù),但它不支持直接寫入或讀取Unicode碼元;字符流通常處理文本數(shù)據(jù),它支持寫入及讀取Unicode碼元。
文件常用操作:
創(chuàng)建、刪除文件夾
String path = "F:\\test"; File myFile = new File(path); if (!myFile.exists()) { // 創(chuàng)建文件夾 myFile.mkdir(); // myFile.mkdirs(); // 刪除文件夾 myFile.delete(); } // mkdirs()可以建立多級文件夾, mkdir()只會建立一級的文件夾
創(chuàng)建、刪除文件
String content = "Hello World"; // 第一種方法:根據(jù)文件路徑和文件名 String path = "F:\\test"; String filename = "test.txt"; File myFile = new File(path,filename); // 第二種方法 String file = "F:\\test\\test.txt"; File myFile = new File(file); if (!myFile.exists()) { // 創(chuàng)建文件(前提是目錄已存在,若不在,需新建目錄即文件夾) myFile.createNewFile(); // 刪除文件 myFile.delete(); }
寫入文件
// 第一種:字節(jié)流FileOutputStream FileOutputStream fop = new FileOutputStream(myFile); byte[] contentInBytes = content.getBytes(); fop.write(contentInBytes); fop.flush(); fop.close(); // 第二種:FileWriter(參數(shù)true為追加內(nèi)容,若無則是覆蓋內(nèi)容) FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(myFile,true); fw.write(content); fw.close(); // 第三種:BufferedWriter BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true)); bw.write(content); bw.flush(); bw.close(); // 第四種:打印流PrintStream和PrintWriter // 字節(jié)打印流:PrintStream // 字符打印流:PrintWriter PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true)); pw.println(content); // 換行 pw.print(content); // 不換行 pw.close(); // 常用BufferedWriter和PrintWriter
讀取文件
FileInputStream
// 第一種:以字節(jié)為單位讀取文件,常用于讀二進制文件,如圖片、聲音、影像等文件。 InputStream in = new FileInputStream(myFile); // 一次讀一個字節(jié) int tempbyte; while ((tempbyte = in.read()) != -1) { System.out.write(tempbyte); } in.close(); // 一次讀多個字節(jié) int byteread = 0; byte[] tempbytes = new byte[100]; ReadFromFile.showAvailableBytes(in); while ((byteread = in.read(tempbytes)) != -1) { System.out.write(tempbytes, 0, byteread); } // System.out.write()方法是字符流,System.out.println()方法是字節(jié)流
InputStreamReader
// 第二種:以字符為單位讀取文件,常用于讀文本,數(shù)字等類型的文件 Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(myFile)); // 一次讀一個字節(jié) int tempchar; while ((tempchar = reader.read()) != -1) { // 對于windows下,\r\n這兩個字符在一起時,表示一個換行。 // 但如果這兩個字符分開顯示時,會換兩次行。 // 因此,屏蔽掉\r,或者屏蔽\n。否則,將會多出很多空行。 if (((char) tempchar) != '\r') { System.out.print((char) tempchar); } } reader.close(); // 一次讀多個字節(jié) char[] tempchars = new char[30]; int charread = 0; // 讀入多個字符到字符數(shù)組中,charread為一次讀取字符數(shù) while ((charread = reader.read(tempchars)) != -1) { // 同樣屏蔽掉\r不顯示 if ((charread == tempchars.length) && (tempchars[tempchars.length - 1] != '\r')) { System.out.print(tempchars); } else { for (int i = 0; i < charread; i++) { if (tempchars[i] == '\r') { continue; } else { System.out.print(tempchars[i]); } } } }
BufferedReader
// 第三種:以行為單位讀取文件,常用于讀面向行的格式化文件 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(myFile)); String tempString = null; int line = 1; // 一次讀入一行,直到讀入null為文件結(jié)束 while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) { // 顯示行號 System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString); line++; } reader.close(); // 常用BufferedReader
遍歷文件(以刪除一個文件夾下所有文件為例)
File[] files=myFile.listFiles(); for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){ if(files[i].isDirectory()){ files[i].delete(); } }
文件函數(shù):
//判斷文件是否存在 myFile.exists() //讀取文件名稱 myFile.getName() //讀取文件路徑(相對路徑) myFile.getPath() //讀取文件絕對路徑 myFile.getAbsolutePath() //讀取文件的父級路徑 new File(myFile.getAbsolutePath()).getParent() //讀取文件的大小 myFile.length() //判斷文件是否被隱藏 myFile.isHidden() //判斷文件是否可讀 myFile.canRead() //判斷文件是否可寫 myFile.canWrite() //判斷文件是否為文件夾 myFile.isDirectory()
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