国产av日韩一区二区三区精品,成人性爱视频在线观看,国产,欧美,日韩,一区,www.成色av久久成人,2222eeee成人天堂

Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

Jul 06, 2016 pm 01:32 PM
php WeChat pay

The PHP WeChat payment development process is shared with everyone for your reference. The specific content is as follows

1. Development environment
Thinkphp 3.2.3
WeChat: Service account, certified
Development domain name: http://test.paywechat.com (customized domain name, not accessible from the external network)

2. Relevant files and permissions are required
WeChat payment needs to be activated
WeChat public platform developer documentation: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/home/index.html
WeChat Pay developer documentation: https://pay.weixin.qq.com/wiki/doc/api/index.html
WeChat payment SDK download address: https://pay.weixin.qq.com/wiki/doc/api/jsapi.php?chapter=11_1

3. Development
Download the PHP version of WeChat Payment SDK. The file directory is as shown below:

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

Put the Cert and Lib directories of WeChat Payment SDK into Thinkphp, the directory is

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

Now we will introduce the issue of WeChat payment authorization directory. The first step is to fill in the payment authorization directory in WeChat payment development configuration.

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

Then fill in the JS interface security domain.

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

Finally set web authorization

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

After these settings are completed, it is almost half complete. Pay attention to the set directory and the directory in my thinkphp.

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

4. WeChat payment configuration

PHP WeChat payment development example_php example

Fill in the relevant configuration correctly.

/**
* 配置賬號(hào)信息
*/

class WxPayConfig
{
 //=======【基本信息設(shè)置】=====================================
 //
 /**
 * TODO: 修改這里配置為您自己申請(qǐng)的商戶信息
 * 微信公眾號(hào)信息配置
 * 
 * APPID:綁定支付的APPID(必須配置,開戶郵件中可查看)
 * 
 * MCHID:商戶號(hào)(必須配置,開戶郵件中可查看)
 * 
 * KEY:商戶支付密鑰,參考開戶郵件設(shè)置(必須配置,登錄商戶平臺(tái)自行設(shè)置)
 * 設(shè)置地址:https://pay.weixin.qq.com/index.php/account/api_cert
 * 
 * APPSECRET:公眾帳號(hào)secert(僅JSAPI支付的時(shí)候需要配置, 登錄公眾平臺(tái),進(jìn)入開發(fā)者中心可設(shè)置),
 * 獲取地址:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/advanced/advanced?action=dev&t=advanced/dev&token=2005451881&lang=zh_CN
 * @var string
 */
 const APPID = '';
 const MCHID = '';
 const KEY = '';
 const APPSECRET = '';

 //=======【證書路徑設(shè)置】=====================================
 /**
 * TODO:設(shè)置商戶證書路徑
 * 證書路徑,注意應(yīng)該填寫絕對(duì)路徑(僅退款、撤銷訂單時(shí)需要,可登錄商戶平臺(tái)下載,
 * API證書下載地址:https://pay.weixin.qq.com/index.php/account/api_cert,下載之前需要安裝商戶操作證書)
 * @var path
 */
 const SSLCERT_PATH = '../cert/apiclient_cert.pem';
 const SSLKEY_PATH = '../cert/apiclient_key.pem';

 //=======【curl代理設(shè)置】===================================
 /**
 * TODO:這里設(shè)置代理機(jī)器,只有需要代理的時(shí)候才設(shè)置,不需要代理,請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)置為0.0.0.0和0
 * 本例程通過curl使用HTTP POST方法,此處可修改代理服務(wù)器,
 * 默認(rèn)CURL_PROXY_HOST=0.0.0.0和CURL_PROXY_PORT=0,此時(shí)不開啟代理(如有需要才設(shè)置)
 * @var unknown_type
 */
 const CURL_PROXY_HOST = "0.0.0.0";//"10.152.18.220";
 const CURL_PROXY_PORT = 0;//8080;

 //=======【上報(bào)信息配置】===================================
 /**
 * TODO:接口調(diào)用上報(bào)等級(jí),默認(rèn)緊錯(cuò)誤上報(bào)(注意:上報(bào)超時(shí)間為【1s】,上報(bào)無論成敗【永不拋出異?!?,
 * 不會(huì)影響接口調(diào)用流程),開啟上報(bào)之后,方便微信監(jiān)控請(qǐng)求調(diào)用的質(zhì)量,建議至少
 * 開啟錯(cuò)誤上報(bào)。
 * 上報(bào)等級(jí),0.關(guān)閉上報(bào); 1.僅錯(cuò)誤出錯(cuò)上報(bào); 2.全量上報(bào)
 * @var int
 */
 const REPORT_LEVENL = 1;
}

Start posting the code now:

namespace Wechat\Controller;
use Think\Controller;
/**
 * 父類控制器,需要繼承
 * @file ParentController.class.php
 * @author Gary <lizhiyong2204@sina.com>
 * @date 2015年8月4日
 * @todu
 */
class ParentController extends Controller { 
 protected $options = array (
 'token' => '', // 填寫你設(shè)定的key
 'encodingaeskey' => '', // 填寫加密用的EncodingAESKey
 'appid' => '', // 填寫高級(jí)調(diào)用功能的app id
 'appsecret' => '', // 填寫高級(jí)調(diào)用功能的密鑰
 'debug' => false,
 'logcallback' => ''
 ); 
 public $errCode = 40001; 
 public $errMsg = "no access"; 

 /**
 * 獲取access_token
 * @return mixed|boolean|unknown
 */
 public function getToken(){
 $cache_token = S('exp_wechat_pay_token');
 if(!empty($cache_token)){
 return $cache_token;
 }
 $url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token&#63;grant_type=client_credential&appid=%s&secret=%s';
 $url = sprintf($url,$this->options['appid'],$this->options['appsecret']); 
 $result = $this->http_get($url);
 $result = json_decode($result,true); 
 if(empty($result)){
 return false;
 } 
 S('exp_wechat_pay_token',$result['access_token'],array('type'=>'file','expire'=>3600));
 return $result['access_token'];
 }

 /**
 * 發(fā)送客服消息
 * @param array $data 消息結(jié)構(gòu){"touser":"OPENID","msgtype":"news","news":{...}}
 */
 public function sendCustomMessage($data){
 $token = $this->getToken();
 if (empty($token)) return false; 
 $url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send&#63;access_token=%s';
 $url = sprintf($url,$token);
 $result = $this->http_post($url,self::json_encode($data));
 if ($result)
 {
 $json = json_decode($result,true);
 if (!$json || !empty($json['errcode'])) {
 $this->errCode = $json['errcode'];
 $this->errMsg = $json['errmsg'];
 return false;
 }
 return $json;
 }
 return false;
 }

 /**
 * 發(fā)送模板消息
 * @param unknown $data
 * @return boolean|unknown
 */
 public function sendTemplateMessage($data){
 $token = $this->getToken();
 if (empty($token)) return false;
 $url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send&#63;access_token=%s";
 $url = sprintf($url,$token);
 $result = $this->http_post($url,self::json_encode($data));
 if ($result)
 {
 $json = json_decode($result,true);
 if (!$json || !empty($json['errcode'])) {
 $this->errCode = $json['errcode'];
 $this->errMsg = $json['errmsg'];
 return false;
 }
 return $json;
 }
 return false;
 }


 public function getFileCache($name){
 return S($name);
 }

 /**
 * 微信api不支持中文轉(zhuǎn)義的json結(jié)構(gòu)
 * @param array $arr
 */
 static function json_encode($arr) {
 $parts = array ();
 $is_list = false;
 //Find out if the given array is a numerical array
 $keys = array_keys ( $arr );
 $max_length = count ( $arr ) - 1;
 if (($keys [0] === 0) && ($keys [$max_length] === $max_length )) { //See if the first key is 0 and last key is length - 1
 $is_list = true;
 for($i = 0; $i < count ( $keys ); $i ++) { //See if each key correspondes to its position
 if ($i != $keys [$i]) { //A key fails at position check.
  $is_list = false; //It is an associative array.
  break;
 }
 }
 }
 foreach ( $arr as $key => $value ) {
 if (is_array ( $value )) { //Custom handling for arrays
 if ($is_list)
  $parts [] = self::json_encode ( $value ); /* :RECURSION: */
 else
  $parts [] = '"' . $key . '":' . self::json_encode ( $value ); /* :RECURSION: */
 } else {
 $str = '';
 if (! $is_list)
  $str = '"' . $key . '":';
 //Custom handling for multiple data types
 if (!is_string ( $value ) && is_numeric ( $value ) && $value<2000000000)
  $str .= $value; //Numbers
 elseif ($value === false)
 $str .= 'false'; //The booleans
 elseif ($value === true)
 $str .= 'true';
 else
  $str .= '"' . addslashes ( $value ) . '"'; //All other things
 // :TODO: Is there any more datatype we should be in the lookout for&#63; (Object&#63;)
 $parts [] = $str;
 }
 }
 $json = implode ( ',', $parts );
 if ($is_list)
 return '[' . $json . ']'; //Return numerical JSON
 return '{' . $json . '}'; //Return associative JSON
 }

 /**
 +----------------------------------------------------------
 * 生成隨機(jī)字符串
 +----------------------------------------------------------
 * @param int $length 要生成的隨機(jī)字符串長(zhǎng)度
 * @param string $type 隨機(jī)碼類型:0,數(shù)字+大小寫字母;1,數(shù)字;2,小寫字母;3,大寫字母;4,特殊字符;-1,數(shù)字+大小寫字母+特殊字符
 +----------------------------------------------------------
 * @return string
 +----------------------------------------------------------
 */
 static public function randCode($length = 5, $type = 2){
 $arr = array(1 => "0123456789", 2 => "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", 3 => "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", 4 => "~@#$%^&*(){}[]|");
 if ($type == 0) {
 array_pop($arr);
 $string = implode("", $arr);
 } elseif ($type == "-1") {
 $string = implode("", $arr);
 } else {
 $string = $arr[$type];
 }
 $count = strlen($string) - 1;
 $code = '';
 for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
 $code .= $string[rand(0, $count)];
 }
 return $code;
 } 


 /**
 * GET 請(qǐng)求
 * @param string $url
 */
 private function http_get($url){
 $oCurl = curl_init();
 if(stripos($url,"https://")!==FALSE){
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE);
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION, 1); //CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1
 }
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1 );
 $sContent = curl_exec($oCurl);
 $aStatus = curl_getinfo($oCurl);
 curl_close($oCurl);
 if(intval($aStatus["http_code"])==200){
 return $sContent;
 }else{
 return false;
 }
 }

 /**
 * POST 請(qǐng)求
 * @param string $url
 * @param array $param
 * @param boolean $post_file 是否文件上傳
 * @return string content
 */
 private function http_post($url,$param,$post_file=false){
 $oCurl = curl_init();
 if(stripos($url,"https://")!==FALSE){
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false);
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION, 1); //CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1
 }
 if (is_string($param) || $post_file) {
 $strPOST = $param;
 } else {
 $aPOST = array();
 foreach($param as $key=>$val){
 $aPOST[] = $key."=".urlencode($val);
 }
 $strPOST = join("&", $aPOST);
 }
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1 );
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_POST,true);
 curl_setopt($oCurl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$strPOST);
 $sContent = curl_exec($oCurl);
 $aStatus = curl_getinfo($oCurl);
 curl_close($oCurl);
 if(intval($aStatus["http_code"])==200){
 return $sContent;
 }else{
 return false;
 }
 }
}

namespace Wechat\Controller;
use Wechat\Controller\ParentController;
/**
 * 微信支付測(cè)試控制器
 * @file TestController.class.php
 * @author Gary <lizhiyong2204@sina.com>
 * @date 2015年8月4日
 * @todu
 */
class TestController extends ParentController {
 private $_order_body = 'xxx';
 private $_order_goods_tag = 'xxx';
 public function __construct(){
 parent::__construct();
 require_once ROOT_PATH."Api/lib/WxPay.Api.php";
 require_once ROOT_PATH."Api/lib/WxPay.JsApiPay.php";
 }

 public function index(){
 //①、獲取用戶openid
 $tools = new \JsApiPay();
 $openId = $tools->GetOpenid(); 
 //②、統(tǒng)一下單
 $input = new \WxPayUnifiedOrder(); 
 //商品描述
 $input->SetBody($this->_order_body);
 //附加數(shù)據(jù),可以添加自己需要的數(shù)據(jù),微信回異步回調(diào)時(shí)會(huì)附加這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)
 $input->SetAttach('xxx');
 //商戶訂單號(hào)
 $out_trade_no = \WxPayConfig::MCHID.date("YmdHis");
 $input->SetOut_trade_no($out_trade_no);
 //總金額,訂單總金額,只能為整數(shù),單位為分 
 $input->SetTotal_fee(1);
 //交易起始時(shí)間
 $input->SetTime_start(date("YmdHis"));
 //交易結(jié)束時(shí)間
 $input->SetTime_expire(date("YmdHis", time() + 600));
 //商品標(biāo)記
 $input->SetGoods_tag($this->_order_goods_tag);
 //通知地址,接收微信支付異步通知回調(diào)地址 SITE_URL=http://test.paywechat.com/Charge
 $notify_url = SITE_URL.'/index.php/Test/notify.html';
 $input->SetNotify_url($notify_url);
 //交易類型
 $input->SetTrade_type("JSAPI");
 $input->SetOpenid($openId);
 $order = \WxPayApi::unifiedOrder($input);
 $jsApiParameters = $tools->GetJsApiParameters($order);
 //獲取共享收貨地址js函數(shù)參數(shù)
 $editAddress = $tools->GetEditAddressParameters();

 $this->assign('openId',$openId);
 $this->assign('jsApiParameters',$jsApiParameters);
 $this->assign('editAddress',$editAddress);
 $this->display(); 
 }

 /**
 * 異步通知回調(diào)方法
 */
 public function notify(){
 require_once ROOT_PATH."Api/lib/notify.php";
 $notify = new \PayNotifyCallBack();
 $notify->Handle(false);
 //這里的IsSuccess是我自定義的一個(gè)方法,后面我會(huì)貼出這個(gè)文件的代碼,供參考。
 $is_success = $notify->IsSuccess(); 
 $bdata = $is_success['data']; 
 //支付成功
 if($is_success['code'] == 1){ 
 $news = array(
  'touser' => $bdata['openid'],
  'msgtype' => 'news',
  'news' => array (
  'articles'=> array (
   array(
   'title' => '訂單支付成功',
   'description' => "支付金額:{$bdata['total_fee']}\n".
   "微信訂單號(hào):{$bdata['transaction_id']}\n"
   'picurl' => '',
   'url' => '' 
   )

  )
  )
 );
 //發(fā)送微信支付通知
 $this->sendCustomMessage($news); 
 }else{//支付失敗

 }
 }

 /**
 * 支付成功頁面
 * 不可靠的回調(diào)
 */
 public function ajax_PaySuccess(){
 //訂單號(hào)
 $out_trade_no = I('post.out_trade_no');
 //支付金額
 $total_fee = I('post.total_fee');
 /*相關(guān)邏輯處理*/

 }

Paste template HTML

<html>
<head>
 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/>
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> 
 <title>微信支付樣例-支付</title>
 <script type="text/javascript">
 //調(diào)用微信JS api 支付
 function jsApiCall()
 {
 WeixinJSBridge.invoke(
 'getBrandWCPayRequest',
 {$jsApiParameters},
 function(res){
 WeixinJSBridge.log(res.err_msg);
 //取消支付
 if(res.err_msg == 'get_brand_wcpay_request:cancel'){
 //處理取消支付的事件邏輯
 }else if(res.err_msg == "get_brand_wcpay_request:ok"){
 /*使用以上方式判斷前端返回,微信團(tuán)隊(duì)鄭重提示:
 res.err_msg將在用戶支付成功后返回 ok,但并不保證它絕對(duì)可靠。
 這里可以使用Ajax提交到后臺(tái),處理一些日志,如Test控制器里面的ajax_PaySuccess方法。
 */
 }
 alert(res.err_code+res.err_desc+res.err_msg);
 }
 );
 }

 function callpay()
 {
 if (typeof WeixinJSBridge == "undefined"){
 if( document.addEventListener ){
 document.addEventListener('WeixinJSBridgeReady', jsApiCall, false);
 }else if (document.attachEvent){
 document.attachEvent('WeixinJSBridgeReady', jsApiCall); 
 document.attachEvent('onWeixinJSBridgeReady', jsApiCall);
 }
 }else{
 jsApiCall();
 }
 }
 //獲取共享地址
 function editAddress()
 {
 WeixinJSBridge.invoke(
 'editAddress',
 {$editAddress},
 function(res){
 var value1 = res.proviceFirstStageName;
 var value2 = res.addressCitySecondStageName;
 var value3 = res.addressCountiesThirdStageName;
 var value4 = res.addressDetailInfo;
 var tel = res.telNumber; 
 alert(value1 + value2 + value3 + value4 + ":" + tel);
 }
 );
 }

 window.onload = function(){
 if (typeof WeixinJSBridge == "undefined"){
 if( document.addEventListener ){
 document.addEventListener('WeixinJSBridgeReady', editAddress, false);
 }else if (document.attachEvent){
 document.attachEvent('WeixinJSBridgeReady', editAddress); 
 document.attachEvent('onWeixinJSBridgeReady', editAddress);
 }
 }else{
 editAddress();
 }
 };

 </script>
</head>
<body>
 <br/>
 <font color="#9ACD32"><b>該筆訂單支付金額為<span style="color:#f00;font-size:50px">1分</span>錢</b></font><br/><br/>
 <div align="center">
 <button style="width:210px; height:50px; border-radius: 15px;background-color:#FE6714; border:0px #FE6714 solid; cursor: pointer; color:white; font-size:16px;" type="button" onclick="callpay()" >立即支付</button>
 </div>
</body>
</html>

Notify.php file code, here is a custom method newly added in the official file.

require_once ROOT_PATH."Api/lib/WxPay.Api.php";
require_once ROOT_PATH.'Api/lib/WxPay.Notify.php';
require_once ROOT_PATH.'Api/lib/log.php';

//初始化日志
$logHandler= new \CLogFileHandler(ROOT_PATH."/logs/".date('Y-m-d').'.log');
$log = \Log::Init($logHandler, 15);

class PayNotifyCallBack extends WxPayNotify
{
 protected $para = array('code'=>0,'data'=>'');
 //查詢訂單
 public function Queryorder($transaction_id)
 {
 $input = new \WxPayOrderQuery();
 $input->SetTransaction_id($transaction_id);
 $result = \WxPayApi::orderQuery($input);
 \Log::DEBUG("query:" . json_encode($result));
 if(array_key_exists("return_code", $result)
 && array_key_exists("result_code", $result)
 && $result["return_code"] == "SUCCESS"
 && $result["result_code"] == "SUCCESS")
 {
 return true;
 }
 $this->para['code'] = 0;
 $this->para['data'] = '';
 return false;
 }

 //重寫回調(diào)處理函數(shù)
 public function NotifyProcess($data, &$msg)
 {
 \Log::DEBUG("call back:" . json_encode($data));
 $notfiyOutput = array();

 if(!array_key_exists("transaction_id", $data)){
 $msg = "輸入?yún)?shù)不正確";
 $this->para['code'] = 0;
 $this->para['data'] = '';
 return false;
 }
 //查詢訂單,判斷訂單真實(shí)性
 if(!$this->Queryorder($data["transaction_id"])){
 $msg = "訂單查詢失敗";
 $this->para['code'] = 0;
 $this->para['data'] = '';
 return false;
 }

 $this->para['code'] = 1;
 $this->para['data'] = $data;
 return true;
 }

 /**
 * 自定義方法 檢測(cè)微信端是否回調(diào)成功方法
 * @return multitype:number string
 */
 public function IsSuccess(){
 return $this->para;
 }
}

This is basically complete, you can open it on WeChat http://test.paywechat.com/Charge/index.php/Test/index/
In my environment, the HTTP server does not rewrite the URL. WeChat payment continues to be explored. There may be problems or deficiencies in some places. I hope everyone can understand and learn from each other.

The above is all the content of PHP WeChat payment development. I hope it will be helpful to everyone’s learning. I also hope everyone will support Script Home.

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How to get the current session ID in PHP? How to get the current session ID in PHP? Jul 13, 2025 am 03:02 AM

The method to get the current session ID in PHP is to use the session_id() function, but you must call session_start() to successfully obtain it. 1. Call session_start() to start the session; 2. Use session_id() to read the session ID and output a string similar to abc123def456ghi789; 3. If the return is empty, check whether session_start() is missing, whether the user accesses for the first time, or whether the session is destroyed; 4. The session ID can be used for logging, security verification and cross-request communication, but security needs to be paid attention to. Make sure that the session is correctly enabled and the ID can be obtained successfully.

PHP get substring from a string PHP get substring from a string Jul 13, 2025 am 02:59 AM

To extract substrings from PHP strings, you can use the substr() function, which is syntax substr(string$string,int$start,?int$length=null), and if the length is not specified, it will be intercepted to the end; when processing multi-byte characters such as Chinese, you should use the mb_substr() function to avoid garbled code; if you need to intercept the string according to a specific separator, you can use exploit() or combine strpos() and substr() to implement it, such as extracting file name extensions or domain names.

How do you perform unit testing for php code? How do you perform unit testing for php code? Jul 13, 2025 am 02:54 AM

UnittestinginPHPinvolvesverifyingindividualcodeunitslikefunctionsormethodstocatchbugsearlyandensurereliablerefactoring.1)SetupPHPUnitviaComposer,createatestdirectory,andconfigureautoloadandphpunit.xml.2)Writetestcasesfollowingthearrange-act-assertpat

How to split a string into an array in PHP How to split a string into an array in PHP Jul 13, 2025 am 02:59 AM

In PHP, the most common method is to split the string into an array using the exploit() function. This function divides the string into multiple parts through the specified delimiter and returns an array. The syntax is exploit(separator, string, limit), where separator is the separator, string is the original string, and limit is an optional parameter to control the maximum number of segments. For example $str="apple,banana,orange";$arr=explode(",",$str); The result is ["apple","bana

JavaScript Data Types: Primitive vs Reference JavaScript Data Types: Primitive vs Reference Jul 13, 2025 am 02:43 AM

JavaScript data types are divided into primitive types and reference types. Primitive types include string, number, boolean, null, undefined, and symbol. The values are immutable and copies are copied when assigning values, so they do not affect each other; reference types such as objects, arrays and functions store memory addresses, and variables pointing to the same object will affect each other. Typeof and instanceof can be used to determine types, but pay attention to the historical issues of typeofnull. Understanding these two types of differences can help write more stable and reliable code.

Using std::chrono in C Using std::chrono in C Jul 15, 2025 am 01:30 AM

std::chrono is used in C to process time, including obtaining the current time, measuring execution time, operation time point and duration, and formatting analysis time. 1. Use std::chrono::system_clock::now() to obtain the current time, which can be converted into a readable string, but the system clock may not be monotonous; 2. Use std::chrono::steady_clock to measure the execution time to ensure monotony, and convert it into milliseconds, seconds and other units through duration_cast; 3. Time point (time_point) and duration (duration) can be interoperable, but attention should be paid to unit compatibility and clock epoch (epoch)

How to pass a session variable to another page in PHP? How to pass a session variable to another page in PHP? Jul 13, 2025 am 02:39 AM

In PHP, to pass a session variable to another page, the key is to start the session correctly and use the same $_SESSION key name. 1. Before using session variables for each page, it must be called session_start() and placed in the front of the script; 2. Set session variables such as $_SESSION['username']='JohnDoe' on the first page; 3. After calling session_start() on another page, access the variables through the same key name; 4. Make sure that session_start() is called on each page, avoid outputting content in advance, and check that the session storage path on the server is writable; 5. Use ses

How does PHP handle Environment Variables? How does PHP handle Environment Variables? Jul 14, 2025 am 03:01 AM

ToaccessenvironmentvariablesinPHP,usegetenv()orthe$_ENVsuperglobal.1.getenv('VAR_NAME')retrievesaspecificvariable.2.$_ENV['VAR_NAME']accessesvariablesifvariables_orderinphp.iniincludes"E".SetvariablesviaCLIwithVAR=valuephpscript.php,inApach

See all articles