在Go語言中使用位運算符操作整數(shù)的特定位，適用於處理標誌位、底層數(shù)據或優(yōu)化操作。 1. 使用&（按位與）檢查特定bit是否設置；2. 使用>進行位左移和右移以實現(xiàn)乘除操作；7. 位運算常用於配置系統(tǒng)、權限控制、加密、壓縮及性能敏感場景。

You use bitwise operators in Go to manipulate individual bits of integer values. These are especially useful when working with low-level data, flags, or optimizing certain operations. Let's break down how each operator works and when you'd want to use them.

Checking if a specific bit is set using & (bitwise AND)

The & operator compares each bit of two numbers. If both bits are 1, the result is 1; otherwise, it's 0.

This is handy when you want to check whether a particular flag or bit is set . For example:

 const (
    ReadPermission = 1 << 0 // binary: 0001
    WritePermission = 1 << 1 // binary: 0010
    ExecPermission = 1 << 2 // binary: 0100
)

userPermissions := ReadPermission | ExecPermission // binary: 0101

if userPermissions & ReadPermission != 0 {
    fmt.Println("User has read permission")
}

• You create bit flags using shifts ( 1 << n )
• Combine them using |
• Check for presence using &

Setting a bit using | (bitwise OR)

The | operator sets a bit to 1 if either corresponding bit is 1. Use this when you want to turn on a specific bit without affecting others.

For example, adding write permission to existing permissions:

 userPermissions |= WritePermission

• |= ensures the target bit gets turned on
• Other bits remain unchanged

This is often used in configuration systems where features or options can be toggled independently.

Toggling a bit using ^ (bitwise XOR)

The ^ operator flips bits — it returns 1 if the bits are different, and 0 if they're the same. This lets you toggle a bit on and off.

Say you want to toggle exec permission:

 userPermissions ^= ExecPermission

• If the bit was 1, it becomes 0
• If it was 0, it becomes 1

It's useful for state switches like enabling/disabling features or handling game controls where pressing a key toggles something.

Shifting bits with << and

Use << to shift bits left (multiply by powers of 2), and to shift right (divide by powers of 2).

Examples:

 x := 1 << 3 // x = 8 (binary: 1000)
y := 16 >> 2 // y = 4 (binary: 0100)

Common uses:

• Packing/unpacking data efficiently
• Creating bitmask constants
• Optimizing math operations (though readability matters more than micro-optimizations most of the time)

Shifting can also help generate clean bit flags, as shown earlier with permission constants.

Bitwise operators aren't always needed, but when you're dealing with flags, hardware registers, compression, encryption, or performance-sensitive code, they're indispensable. The trick is knowing what each operation does at the bit level and using them where it makes sense.

基本上就這些。

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