How to use HTML data attributes (data-*) with JavaScript?
Jul 07, 2025 am 02:16 AM
How to set and use the data- attribute of HTML? 1. Add a data- attribute on the HTML element, with the format data-added a custom name, such as data-product-id; 2. Use element.dataset to obtain the value through JavaScript, and the attribute name will automatically be converted to camel naming; 3. You can modify or add data-values ??by directly assigning datasets, but the modification will not be automatically persisted; 4. Common uses include storing IDs, controlling status, and passing component parameters. For example, the button's data- attribute is used to uniformly listen to click events and process filtering logic, making the code clearer and easier to expand.
data-* attribute of HTML is a very practical feature that allows us to store custom data on HTML elements and then read and manipulate this data through JavaScript. Not only is it well-structured, it is also very useful when building interactive web pages.
How to set the data-* attribute?
You can add data-* attribute to any HTML element, in the format data- plus the name you defined yourself. for example:
<div id="product" data-product-id="12345" data-in-stock="true">Product information</div>
data-product-id and data-in-stock here are data attributes that we named ourselves. Note the naming rules: You cannot include capital letters, you can use - to separate words.
How to get data-* data using JavaScript?
The browser will automatically collect these properties into an object called dataset . You can access them via element.dataset .
For example, get the value in the above example:
const product = document.getElementById('product'); console.log(product.dataset.productId); // Output: "12345" console.log(product.dataset.inStock); // Output: "true"
Note: attribute names will become camelCase in JS. For example, data-product-id becomes productId in JS.
If you want to get all data properties of an element, you can directly traverse its dataset object:
for (let key in product.dataset) {
console.log(key, product.dataset[key]);
}How to modify or set the data-* value?
In addition to reading, you can also dynamically modify the value of data-* attribute. It can be done by assigning values ??to dataset directly:
product.dataset.productId = '67890'; product.dataset.discountAvailable = 'true';
This will update the corresponding data-product-id and add data-discount-available attribute on the DOM.
But it should be noted that this modification will only affect the DOM and will not be automatically saved to the server or local storage. If you need to persist, you also need to cooperate with other mechanisms, such as sending requests or writing to localStorage.
Examples of actual use scenarios
Common uses include:
- Store the ID associated with the element (such as user ID, product ID)
- Control status (such as whether it has been loaded or activated)
- Pass configuration parameters to components (such as the automatic playback time of the carousel diagram)
For example, suppose you have a button list, each button corresponds to a different filter:
<button class="filter" data-filter-type="price" data-value="low">Low price</button> <button class="filter" data-filter-type="price" data-value="high">High price</button>
JavaScript can listen to click events uniformly and handle logic according to dataset :
document.querySelectorAll('.filter').forEach(btn => {
btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
const type = btn.dataset.filterType;
const value = btn.dataset.value;
applyFilter(type, value);
});
});This way the code is clearer and easier to expand.
Basically that's it. The rational use of data-* attributes can make front-end development more flexible while maintaining a good separation of HTML and JS.
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