路由參數(shù)分為必需和可選兩種類型。必需參數(shù)必須出現(xiàn)在URL中，如/users/:userId，缺失則無法匹配；可選參數(shù)用問號(hào)標(biāo)記，如/users/:userId?，即使缺失也能匹配路由。使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意順序、命名清晰、避免過多動(dòng)態(tài)段，并驗(yàn)證參數(shù)有效性。

Route parameters are parts of a URL that you can use to pass dynamic values to your application. They're commonly used in web frameworks (like Express.js, React Router, or ASP.NET) to define routes that can handle variable inputs.

There are two main types: required and optional route parameters.

Required Route Parameters

These are parameters that must be present in the URL for the route to match. If they’re missing, the route won’t be triggered.

For example, if you have a route like:

/users/:userId

Then userId is a required parameter. A URL like /users/123 will work, but /users (without anything after) won't match this route.

When to Use Them:

• When you need specific data to render a page or respond to a request.
• For things like user IDs, product slugs, post IDs — anything essential to fetch the correct content.

Some frameworks might use different syntax, like {userId} in ASP.NET or :userId in Express or React Router, but the idea is the same.

Optional Route Parameters

These are parameters that may or may not be present. The route will still match even if the parameter is missing.

In many frameworks, you denote them with a question mark. For example:

/users/:userId?

Now both /users and /users/123 will match this route.

Common Uses:

• Pagination: /posts?page=2
• Filtering: /products?category=shoes
• Sorting or search queries

You can also combine optional parameters with query strings, which aren’t technically part of the route path but often used alongside them.

Tips for Working with Route Parameters

Here are a few practical notes when using route parameters:

• Order matters — Required parameters usually come before optional ones in the URL.
• Avoid too many dynamic segments — It can get confusing and harder to manage as your app grows.
• Use clear naming — Like :userId, not :id, especially if you have multiple types of IDs in your app.
• Validate carefully — Even though a parameter is present, it might not be valid. Always check its type or format on the backend.

If you're building an API or a frontend route, understanding how required and optional parameters behave helps you design cleaner, more predictable URLs.

基本上就這些。

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