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What are web components, and how do they allow you to create reusable HTML elements?
What are web components, and how do they allow you to create reusable HTML elements?
Jun 21, 2025 am 12:55 AM
Web Components is a set of Web technologies used to create reusable custom HTML elements, mainly including: 1. Custom Elements, allowing new HTML tags to be defined and their behaviors are specified; 2. Shadow DOM, implementing DOM and style encapsulation to avoid conflicts; 3. HTML Templates, defining reusable structures through and
Web components are a set of web technologies that allow you to create reusable custom HTML elements. These elements can encapsulate styles, structures, and behaviors, run independently of other parts of the page, and can be used in any project that supports standard Web APIs, whether native JavaScript projects or modern front-end frameworks.
What are Web Components?
Web Components are not a single technology, but a set of sets of multiple specifications, mainly including the following three parts:
- Custom Elements : You can define your own HTML tags, such as
<my-button></my-button>and specify behavior for them. - Shadow DOM : Provides a way to insert encapsulated DOM and styles into the page to avoid style conflicts.
- HTML Templates: Define reusable HTML structures through
<template></template>and<slot></slot>tags, instantiate them when needed.
These three technologies combine to allow you to use your own defined components just like you would with native HTML elements.
How to create a reusable custom element?
Creating a basic Web Component mainly includes the following steps:
- Define the class and inherit
HTMLElement - Register components using
customElements.define() - Encapsulate internal structures and styles with Shadow DOM
class MyButton extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
this.shadowRoot.innerHTML = `
<style>
button {
background: blue;
color: white;
padding: 10px 20px;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
}
</style>
<button><slot></slot></button>
`;
}
}
customElements.define('my-button', MyButton);Use this in HTML:
<my-button>Click me</my-button>
This button becomes a fully encapsulated, reusable component, and the style will not be affected externally wherever you use it.
Advantages and applicable scenarios of Web Components
- Good cross-frame compatibility : Since it is based on the browser native API, it can be used directly in frameworks such as React, Vue, and Angular.
- Strong style isolation : Shadow DOM prevents style pollution and is suitable for building large systems or design systems.
- No additional dependencies required : unlike third-party UI libraries that require the introduction of huge dependencies.
- Suitable for building design systems or component libraries : Web Components is ideal if you want to create a unified design language and use it in multiple projects.
However, it should be noted that although modern browsers support Web Components, polyfill support may be required in some old environments.
Let's summarize
Web Components provides a standardized way to create reusable, style-isolated, fully functional HTML custom elements. They do not rely on specific frameworks and are suitable for a variety of development environments, especially for building common component libraries or design systems. It is not complicated to implement. You only need to be familiar with a few core concepts and you can start writing.
Basically that's it.
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