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Table of Contents
aria-expanded : indicates the state of expandable/collapsed elements
aria-selected : used for tab or list item selection status
aria-checked : Used for checkbox or radio button status
Other common ARIA status
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial How do I use ARIA states to indicate the current state of an element?

How do I use ARIA states to indicate the current state of an element?

Jun 21, 2025 am 01:04 AM
Element state ARIA Status

In web development, ARIA state is used to improve web accessibility. Common ARIA states include: 1. aria-expanded represents the state of expandable/collapse elements, with a value of true or false; 2. aria-selected is used to select tabs or list items, indicating the currently selected item; 3. aria-checked is used to check box or radio button status, with a value of true, false or mixed; 4. Other common states such as aria-disabled, aria-busy, aria-invalid and aria-pressed. These states should be used in conjunction with semantic roles and updated dynamically to reflect interface changes.

In web development, using ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) status to represent the current state of elements is an important means to improve web accessibility. It helps assistive technologies such as screen readers understand changes in the interface, so that users can know more clearly what is going on.

Here are some commonly used ARIA states and their usage:


aria-expanded : indicates the state of expandable/collapsed elements

This property is very useful when you have a drop-down menu, accordion panel, or a folding box. It tells the user whether the element has been expanded.

  • Value is true : means that the element has been expanded
  • The value is false : means that the element is not expanded
  • Not set or set to undefined : means that the status is not applicable
 <button aria-expanded="false" onclick="toggleMenu()">Menu</button>

When switching states in JavaScript, remember to update this property synchronously:

 function toggleMenu() {
  const btn = document.querySelector(&#39;button&#39;);
  const expanded = btn.getAttribute(&#39;aria-expanded&#39;) === &#39;true&#39;;
  btn.setAttribute(&#39;aria-expanded&#39;, !expanded);
}

aria-selected : used for tab or list item selection status

When implementing custom tab components or tag switching functions, aria-selected can be used to indicate which option is currently selected.

  • The value is true : indicates that the current selected
  • The value is false : means that it is not selected
 <div role="tablist">
  <div role="tab" aria-selected="true">Option 1</div>
  <div role="tab" aria-selected="false">Option 2</div>
</div>

When the user clicks toggle, you need to manually set aria-selected of other tabs to false and set the current tab to true .


aria-checked : Used for checkbox or radio button status

For custom checkbox or radio button components, aria-checked can replace the native checked property.

  • Value is true : selected
  • Value is false : Not selected
  • The value is "mixed" : partially selected (for example, the child items under the Select All button are not selected)
 <div role="checkbox" aria-checked="false" onclick="toggleCheck(this)">Custom checkbox</div>

Corresponding JS example:

 function toggleCheck(el) {
  const checked = el.getAttribute(&#39;aria-checked&#39;) === &#39;true&#39;;
  el.setAttribute(&#39;aria-checked&#39;, !checked);
}

Other common ARIA status

In addition to the above common ones, there are also some states that are often used:

  • aria-disabled="true" : means that elements are not interactive
  • aria-busy="true" : means that the element is loading or processing data
  • aria-invalid="true" : means that the input content is incorrect
  • aria-pressed : used in a button group to indicate whether a button is pressed (commonly used to switch buttons)

These states can be dynamically updated based on specific UI behavior, ensuring that assistive technologies can perceive interface changes in real time.


In general, using ARIA state is not complicated, but it needs to be reasonably selected according to the actual control type and behavior, and keep the DOM state consistent with the UI. Basically all that is, the key is to use it in combination with semantic roles (such as role="button" and role="tab" ) to truly play a role.

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