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Table of Contents
Why use data-* instead of class?
How to use data-* attribute in CSS
Notes and suggestions
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial HTML `data-*` Attributes for CSS Styling

HTML `data-*` Attributes for CSS Styling

Jul 18, 2025 am 02:39 AM

Use HTML's data-* attribute to assist in CSS style setting, and state control can be achieved through attribute selectors. 1. Suitable for state management rather than substitute for class; 2. Unified state maintenance through JS and trigger style changes; 3. Pay attention to performance, naming specifications and state synchronization. For example, the button[data-state="active"] controls the button style, or the data-expanded controls the drop-down menu arrow display, making the structure more semantic and improving the efficiency of CSS and JS collaboration.

HTML `data-*` Attributes for CSS Styling

Using HTML's data-* attribute to assist in CSS style setting is actually a very practical trick. Although data-* itself is mainly used for JS, you can position these custom data attributes through attribute selectors in CSS to implement some specific style control.

HTML `data-*` Attributes for CSS Styling

Why use data-* instead of class?

Sometimes you may encounter a situation where you want to change the style based on some "state" of the element, such as whether the button is "activated" or "disabled". At this time, you can use class to switch, but if you have maintained these states in JS, directly reading data-* attribute will be more convenient to manage in a unified manner.

For example:

HTML `data-*` Attributes for CSS Styling
 <button data-state="active">Click me</button>

Then write it in CSS:

 button[data-state="active"] {
  background-color: green;
}

This approach is suitable for state controls that do not require frequent animations or complex interactions.

HTML `data-*` Attributes for CSS Styling

How to use data-* attribute in CSS

CSS itself cannot dynamically modify the values of data-* , but they can be matched through the property selector. This means you can apply different styles based on different data-* values.

Common usages include:

  • Control component status (such as data-loading , data-disabled )
  • Distinguish different types of elements (such as data-type="primary" )
  • Dynamically update properties with JS to trigger style changes

For example:

 <div data-role="menu" data-open="true">Menu content</div>

Corresponding to CSS:

 div[data-role="menu"][data-open="true"] {
  display: block;
}

div[data-role="menu"][data-open="false"] {
  display: none;
}

This writing method allows you to control display and hide by modifying the value of data-open through JS without changing the DOM structure.

Notes and suggestions

There are a few points to note when using data-* attribute to cooperate with CSS:

  • Don't abuse : It's more suitable for the scenarios of state control classes than to replace class.
  • Performance issues : The property selector is slightly slower than the class selector, but it doesn't differ much in modern browsers.
  • The naming should be clear : for example, data-loading is easier to maintain than data-l .
  • Avoid getting out of sync with JS state : If both JS and CSS rely on the same data-* value, remember to synchronize the update.

For example, a drop-down menu component, you may want to add a small icon with an arrow facing up when the menu is expanded, which can be controlled with data-expanded :

 <select data-expanded="false">...</select>

CSS:

 select[data-expanded="true"]::after {
  content: "▼";
}

Of course, this is just a simple diagram. In actual projects, more details such as pseudo-elements and positioning may be needed.

Basically that's it. Using data-* attributes well can make your HTML structure more semantic and make the collaboration between CSS and JS smoother.

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