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Home Java javaTutorial java reflection reflection basics

java reflection reflection basics

Nov 21, 2016 am 10:54 AM

1. Reflection

Reflection: The JAVA reflection mechanism is in the running state. For any class, you can know all the properties and methods of this class; for any object, you can call any of its methods and properties; this The function of dynamically obtaining information and dynamically calling object methods is called the reflection mechanism of the Java language.

If you want to dissect a class, you must first obtain the bytecode file object of the class. The dissection uses the methods in the Class class. Therefore, you must first obtain the Class type object corresponding to each bytecode file. The operation of reflection is actually obtained through the Class object:

*a, java.lang.reflect.Field: Provides information about a single field of a class or interface, as well as dynamic access rights to it. The reflected field may be a class (static) field or an instance field. Member variables of the operating class.
*b, java.lang.reflect.Constructor: The constructor of the operation class.
*c, java.lang.reflect.Method: Method of operating class.

Create a Person object as an instance before learning the basics of reflection

package com.jalja.org.base.relfect;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    int age;
    public String address;

    public Person() {
    }

    private Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Person(String name, int age, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public void show() {
        System.out.println("show");
    }

    public void method(String s) {
        System.out.println("method " + s);
    }

    public String getString(String s, int i) {
        return s + "---" + i;
    }

    private void function() {
        System.out.println("function");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address
                + "]";
    }

}

2. Get the Class object of the class

public static void getClassObject() throws ClassNotFoundException{
        //方式一:Object的getClass()方法
        Person person1=new Person();
        Person person2=new Person();
        Class c1=person1.getClass();
        Class c2=person2.getClass();
        System.out.println(person1==person2);//false
        System.out.println(c1==c2);//true 不管JVM內(nèi)存中有多少個對象,對于字節(jié)碼文件來說只有一份
        //方式二:數(shù)據(jù)類型的靜態(tài)class屬性
        Class c3=Person.class;
        System.out.println(c1==c3);//true
        //方式三:Class 類的靜態(tài)方法 
        //public static Class<?> forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException
        Class c4=Class.forName("com.jalja.org.base.relfect.Person");
        System.out.println(c1==c4);//true
    }

3. java.lang.reflect.Constructor: object and use the Constructor class.

1. Get the Constructor object

//獲取Class 對象所表示的類的構(gòu)造方法
    public static void getConstructorTest() throws  Exception{
        Class c4=Class.forName("com.jalja.org.base.relfect.Person");
        //1、獲取Class 對象所表示的類所有公共構(gòu)造方法
        //public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException
        Constructor [] cs=c4.getConstructors();
        //2、獲取Class 對象所表示的類所有構(gòu)造方法
        //public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException
        Constructor[] cs2 =c4.getDeclaredConstructors();
        //3、獲取Class對象所表示類的指定指定公共構(gòu)造方法,  parameterTypes 參數(shù)是 Class 對象的一個數(shù)組 ,是指定數(shù)據(jù)類型的字節(jié)碼
        //public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes);
        Constructor cs3=c4.getConstructor();//獲取公共的無參構(gòu)造方法的Constructor對象
        //獲取 該 構(gòu)造函數(shù)  public Person(String name, int age, String address)
        Constructor cs4=c4.getConstructor(String.class,int.class,String.class);
        //4、獲取Clss對象所表示類指定的構(gòu)造范法官 parameterTypes 參數(shù)是 Class 對象的一個數(shù)組,它按聲明順序標(biāo)識構(gòu)造方法的形參類型的字節(jié)碼。
        //public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes);
        //獲取該構(gòu)造 函數(shù) private Person(String name)  的Constructor對象
        Constructor cs5=c4.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
        
    }

2. Create an instance of the class represented by the Class object through the Constructor object

public static void createObject() throws Exception{
        Class c4=Class.forName("com.jalja.org.base.relfect.Person");
        //使用此 Constructor 對象表示的構(gòu)造方法來創(chuàng)建該構(gòu)造方法的聲明類的新實例,并用指定的初始化參數(shù)初始化該實例
        //public T newInstance(Object... initargs);
        // Person person=new Person()
        Constructor cs3=c4.getConstructor();//獲取公共的無參構(gòu)造方法的Constructor對象
        Object obj=cs3.newInstance();
        
        //Person person=new Person("jalja", 21, "北京");
        Constructor cs4=c4.getConstructor(String.class,int.class,String.class);
        Object obj1=cs4.newInstance("jalja",21,"北京");
        System.out.println(obj1);//Person [name=jalja, age=21, address=北京]
        
        //實例化一個私有的構(gòu)造函數(shù) private Person(String name)
        //控制java的訪問檢查
        //public void setAccessible(boolean flag)
        //將此對象的 accessible 標(biāo)志設(shè)置為指示的布爾值。值為 true 則指示反射的對象在使用時應(yīng)該取消 Java 語言訪問檢查。
        //值為 false 則指示反射的對象應(yīng)該實施 Java 語言訪問檢查。 
        Constructor cs5=c4.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
        cs5.setAccessible(true);
        Object obj2=cs5.newInstance("張三豐");
        System.out.println(obj2);//Person [name=張三豐, age=0, address=null]
    }

4. java.lang.reflect.Field

1. Get the Field object

//獲取Class類的Field對象
    public static void getFieldTest() throws Exception{
        Class cs=Class.forName("com.jalja.org.base.relfect.Person");
        //1、public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException
        //獲取Class 對象所表示的類或接口的所有可訪問公共(public修飾的)字段
        Field [] fs=cs.getFields(); 
        //2、public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException
        // 獲取Class 對象所表示的類或接口所聲明的所有字段。包括公共、保護、默認(包)訪問和私有字段,但不包括繼承的字段
        Field [] fs1=cs.getDeclaredFields(); 
        //3、public Field getField(String name)throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException;
        //獲取Class 對象所表示的類或接口的指定公共成員(public修飾)字段。name 參數(shù)是一個 String,用于指定所需字段的簡稱
        Field fs2=cs.getField("address");
        //public Field getDeclaredField(String name)  throws NoSuchFieldException,SecurityException
        //獲取 Class 對象所表示的類或接口的指定已聲明字段。name 參數(shù)是一個 String,它指定所需字段的簡稱
        Field fs3=cs.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(fs3);
    }

2. Through the Field object Assign a value to the specified class attribute

//使用 Field對象
    public static void createVarValue() throws Exception{
        Class cs=Class.forName("com.jalja.org.base.relfect.Person");
        Object obj=cs.getConstructor().newInstance();
        Field addressField=cs.getField("address");
        //public void set(Object obj, Object value);
        //將指定對象變量上此 Field 對象表示的字段設(shè)置為指定的新值。如果底層字段的類型為基本類型,則對新值進行自動解包
        //obj - 應(yīng)該修改其字段的對象  value - 正被修改的 obj 的字段的新值 
        addressField.set(obj, "北京");
        System.out.println(obj); //Person [name=null, age=0, address=北京]
        
        //對非public修飾的變量操作
        Field nameField=cs.getDeclaredField("name");
        //控制java的訪問檢查
        nameField.setAccessible(true);
        nameField.set(obj, "張三豐");
        System.out.println(obj);//Person [name=張三豐, age=0, address=北京]
    }

5. java.lang.reflect.Method

1. Get the Method object

//獲取Method對象
    public static void getMethodTest() throws Exception{
        Class cs=Class.forName("com.jalja.org.base.relfect.Person");
        //1、public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException
        //獲取Class 對象所表示的類或接口(包括那些由該類或接口聲明的以及從超類和超接口繼承的那些的類或接口)的公共 member 方法。
        Method [] m1=cs.getMethods();
        //2、public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException
        //獲取Class 對象表示的類或接口聲明的所有方法,包括公共、保護、默認(包)訪問和私有方法,但不包括繼承的方法
        Method [] m2=cs.getDeclaredMethods();
        //3、public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException;
        // 獲取Class 對象所表示的類或接口的指定公共成員方法。name 參數(shù)是一個 String,用于指定所需方法的簡稱。parameterTypes 參數(shù)是按聲明順序標(biāo)識該方法形參類型的 Class 對象的一個數(shù)組
        Method m3=cs.getMethod("show");//無參的方法
        Method m4=cs.getMethod("method",String.class);//帶參的方法
        //public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)throws NoSuchMethodException,SecurityException
        // Class 對象所表示的類或接口的指定已聲明方法。name 參數(shù)是一個 String,它指定所需方法的簡稱,parameterTypes 參數(shù)是 Class 對象的一個數(shù)組
        Method m5=cs.getDeclaredMethod("function");//無參的方法
        System.out.println(m5);
    }

2. Call the method of the specified class through the Method object

// Method對象的使用
    public static void createMethod() throws Exception{
        Class cs=Class.forName("com.jalja.org.base.relfect.Person");
        Object obj=cs.getConstructor().newInstance();
        Method m3=cs.getMethod("show");//無參的方法
        //public Object invoke(Object obj,Object... args)
        //對帶有指定參數(shù)的指定對象調(diào)用由此 Method 對象表示的底層方法  obj - 從中調(diào)用底層方法的對象    args - 用于方法調(diào)用的參數(shù) 
        m3.invoke(obj);
        //對帶參方法的操作
        Method m4=cs.getMethod("method",String.class);//帶參的方法
        m4.invoke(obj,"北京");
        //對有返回值得方法操作
        Method m6=cs.getMethod("getString",String.class,int.class);//帶參的方法
        Object str=m6.invoke(obj,"北京",200);
        System.out.println(str);
        //對私有無參方法的操作
        Method m5=cs.getDeclaredMethod("function");
        m5.setAccessible(true);
        m5.invoke(obj);
    }


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