What is the Java Collections Framework?
Jun 29, 2025 am 01:29 AMThe Java Collection Framework (JCF) is a set of classes and interfaces for storing and manipulating data collections, providing a unified and efficient way to process core data. It mainly includes three core interfaces: 1. Collection interface, derives List, Set and Queue, where List is an ordered and repeatable collection, and commonly used implementations include ArrayList and LinkedList; 2. Set is a collection of non-repeated elements, such as HashSet and TreeSet; 3. Map is used to store key-value pairs, and common implementations include HashMap and TreeMap. The implementation class is selected according to different scenarios, such as frequent access to ArrayList, insert and delete multiple LinkedList, reuse HashSet, and sorting can be done by TreeSet or TreeMap. In addition, tool classes Collections and Arrays provide static methods to simplify operations, such as Collections.sort() sorting, Collections.reverse() inversion, Collections.unmodifiableList() creating read-only lists, etc., which greatly improves development efficiency. Mastering these contents allows you to flexibly use JCF for daily development.
Java Collections Framework (JCF for short) is a set of classes and interfaces used to store and manipulate data collections. It provides developers with a unified and efficient way to process a group of objects. Simply put, it is a standard toolkit in Java that replaces arrays for more complex data operations.
Core interface: defines behavior, does not implement functions
The core of the collection framework is several key interfaces that define the basic behavior of the collection, such as addition, deletion, traversal, etc. The most basic one is the Collection
interface, which derives subinterfaces such as List
, Set
and Queue
. For example:
-
List
is an ordered collection of elements that allow duplicates. Commonly used implementation classes includeArrayList
andLinkedList
-
Set
is a collection of elements that do not allow duplicates, typical implementations such asHashSet
andTreeSet
- Although
Map
does not belong to the subinterface ofCollection
interface, it is also part of the framework and is used to store key-value pairs. Common implementations includeHashMap
andTreeMap
These interfaces are designed so that different types of sets can be processed in a unified manner.
Implementation class: specific data structure support
In addition to interfaces, JCF also provides a variety of implementation classes, corresponding to different usage scenarios. For example:
- If you need to access elements frequently,
ArrayList
is a good choice - If you often insert or delete elements in the middle,
LinkedList
may be more suitable - If you want to automatically deduplicate, you can use
HashSet
- When sorting is required, you can consider
TreeSet
orTreeMap
Each implementation has its applicable scenarios, and understanding their performance characteristics is very important for writing efficient code.
Tools and algorithm support: simplify operations
The Java collection framework also includes some practical tool classes, such as Collections
and Arrays
, which provide a large number of static methods for manipulating collections, such as sorting, finding maximum and minimum values, inversion, etc. For example:
-
Collections.sort()
can sort List -
Collections.reverse()
can reverse the order of elements in a collection -
Collections.unmodifiableList()
can create a list that is not modified
These methods greatly reduce the workload of developers to implement general logic themselves.
Basically that's it. By mastering these levels of content, you can flexibly use the Java collection framework in daily development.
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